Language as Freedom in Sartres Philosophy :: Argumentative Communication Imagination Papers

Language as Freedom in Sartres PhilosophyI argue that Sartre posits language as a medium of discourse that is capable of safeguarding the development of subjectivity and independence. Language does this in a twofold manner on the one hand, it is an action that does not phenomenally alter being, that that has the capacity of altering consciousness on the other hand, language, more particularly compose text, is a mode of communication that is delayed, hence that occurs outside the present, i.e. in a different space and a deferred time. As such, it preserves the subjectivity of two writer and reader. The argument is as follows first, I present Sartres rendering of emancipation and subjectivity in terms of his definition of consciousness of the For-itself and In-itself in Being and Nothingness second, I draw on examples from La Nause to illustrate the fall in between language, consciousness and the expression of freedom and subjectivity third, I refer to The Psychology of Imagina tion and What is Literature? to illustrate further the importance that Sartre places on composition and reading as means to establish a lasting impression of personal freedom and subjectivity in a manner that defies space and time.In this paper I shall argue that Sartre posits language as a medium of communication that is capable of safeguarding subjectivity and freedom. Language does this in a two-fold manner on the one hand it is an action which does not phenomenally alter being, but which has the capacity of altering consciousness on the other hand, language, more particularly written text, is a mode of communication that is delayed, hence that occurs out with the present, i.e. in a different space and a deferred time, and as such it preserves the subjectivity of both writer and reader. I present this argument in the following manner first, I present Sartres definition of freedom and subjectivity in terms of his definition of consciousness of the For-itself and In-self in Being & Nothingness second, I draw on examples from La Nause to illustrate the link between language, consciousness and the expression of freedom and subjectivity third, I refer to The Psychology of Imagination and What is Literature? to illustrate further the importance that Sartre places on writing and reading as means both to freedom and subjectivity.1In Existentialism and Humanism (1946), Sartre states that if God does not exist there is at least one being whose existence comes in the first place its essence, a being which exists before it can be defined by any conception of it.

The Theme of Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay

The Theme of Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Twelfth Night, Shakespeare focuses strongly on the theme of issue romantic love, friendship, brotherly and sisterly love, unrealistic love and self-love. In this essay I am going to explore these aspects and write close the different sides of love in the swordplay, such as humour and suffering. We find that in Twelfth Night love is a very complicated thing and awe often occurs. At the beginning of the play we find Orsino talking dramatic entirelyy of his love for Olivia but actually seems to be in love with the mood of love itself. This shows that his feelings are not actually true and that he is very self-indulgent. He uses exaggerated language whilst lying in rose beds, listening to music and talking constantly to his servants of Olivias beauty. He also compares his love to food and in this quote he is saying how he hopes his craving will simmer when it all gets too much and he can no lo nger handle it. Orsino says, If music be the food of love, play on give me excess of it, that surfeiting, the appetite may sicken and so die. (I.i.1-3). Orsino seems to be rather in love with himself and assumes that Olivia will return his feelings for her. He says Her sweet perfections with one selfsame King (I.i.39). hither he compares himself to a King, which shows his self-love and arrogance. Violas love is an example of true love in the play and she also shows no self-love unlike Orsino, Olivia and Malvolio. In depiction ii, Viola is shipwrecked on the Illyrian coast and is distraught as her brother Sebastian disappeared during the storm. She shows strong love for her b... ...s he is so close to Sebastian. There is a lot of confusion and swapping of feelings in Twelfth Night. I feel that the only true love is Violas love for Orsino as this is the only man she loves during the whole play and is the one she ends up uniteing. I think Olivia seems to fall in love too easily as she thinks she can have any man. Also, Maria and Sir Toby seem to marry just for the sake of it as they are close and have no one else to really be with. Feste remains self-contained and is not driven by love or ever gets distressed by it. In Twelfth Night, Shakespeare explores love with great detail and explains it extremely well. I think that his thoughts on love and the way in which he writes about all the tangles and confusion give a lot of interest to the play making it a great play to read and also act out.

The Significance of Nicknames in Italian-American Culture and the Novel Christ In Concrete :: Essays Papers

The Significance of Nicknames in Italian-American Culture and the Novel Christ In Concrete Nicknames. They are something that ein truthone is acquainted(predicate) with in one way or another. However, most people have little, if any, personal experience with nicknames. In Italian-American culture, nicknames play a major role in everyday life. Nicknames are formed with a certain unspoken format, and they have a particular importance. In Italian-American culture nicknames, even though to others they may see harsh and cruel, are terms of endearment and give a sense of belonging. Soprannomi in Italian means above the name (Mazzoni) and refers to dialect nicknames (Addario and Rulli). To the outside world Italian-Americans use of nicknames may bring to mind organized crime, due to negative media portrayal, with such names as Al Scarface Capone and Tony The Big Tuna Accardo (Arduini). From my personal experience, I can say that within the Italian-American culture nicknames have a much sweeter significance. Since very large, extended Italian families all were apt to dwell in coda proximity to one another, nicknames were traditionally used to distinguish one branch of a family from another, and/or one individual from another (Addario and Rulli). Another very straightforward reason for the use of nicknames comes from the rigor of most Italian appointment traditions (Arduini). The first-born son is to be named after his paternal grandfather, and the second-born son is to be named after his maternal grandfather. Likewise, the first-born little girl is to be named after her paternal grandmother, and the second-born daughter is to be named after her maternal grandmother. The children that follow, Lord willing, are to be named after their godparents, not to mention the naming of children after patron saints. It goes without saying that many family members, and community members, end up with the same names. Obviously this leads to tremendous confusion when families and communities are gathered and talking to and about one another, which occurs frequently. Therefore there is actually a desperate need for nicknames. The most basic form of nickname assignment is the tag of Big and diminutive added to the oldest and youngest carriers of a name (Arduini). Although, since most Italian families are so large, this isnt always sufficient, so nicknames have to rely on other characteristics. A very convincing example of the role that nicknames play in Italian-American life is portrayed in Pietro di Donatos novel Christ In

Understanding ADD and ADHD Essay -- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Di

Understanding furnish and ADHDFirst, it is important to understand ADD and ADHD and how they can be identified. Within the classroom, a instructor may encounter a student who constantly squirms in their seat, stares out the window, and has a desk that is a complete mess. These are non poor students who do not care about school and learning. Often these students may be undiagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. These students can practically be disruptive to themselves and the students around them, which causes serious educational problems. For this reason it is important for these students to be identified and to have their condition treated. Also, if untreated for a long finish of time, the student?s self esteem and feeling of competence may be severely damaged (D?Alonzo, 1996). Untreated cases of attention disorders can be spy through certain symptoms. These symptoms include short attention span, daydreaming, low frustr ation tolerance, poor planning ability, disorganization, constantly displaying inappropriate behavior, and a multitude of others (Copeland & Love, 1992). If a teacher encounters a student in their classroom and feel that he or she may have an attention disorder, there are certain steps unmatched should follow to initiate effective and appropriate treatment of the student. First, iodin should take time to organize a list of behaviors and problems of the student that cause concern. Next one should gather study about the student?s behavior by observing them. These observations should be recorded and kept for future reference. Then gather information on the student including previous test scores, medical reports, past teacher?s remarks, and so on. After this... ...ers and how to manage them in the classroom.Dowdy, C., Patton, J., Smith, T., & Polloway, E. (1998). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the classroom. Austin, Texas PRO-ED, Inc. This accommodate covers a multitude of areas addressing ADD and ADHD, including but not limited to managing the classroom, accommodating instructional needs, and student-regulated strategies. Slavin, R. (2000). Educational Psychology theory and practice. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.This book is an educational psychology textbook. I found a section on ADD and ADHD that provided information on the problems the child faces and it also addressed the role of the teacher with ADD or ADHD students. Online Medical Dictionary, (1998). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on September 20, 2014.This source is an online dictionary of medical terms and conditions.

The History of Coca-Cola :: Soft Drink Coke History Essays

The History of Coca-ColaThe Coca-Cola company started out as an insignificant one man agate line andover the last one hundred and ten years it has grown into one of thelargest companies in the world. The first street girl of the company was Dr.John Pemberton and the current operator is Roberto Goizueta. Withoutsocieties help, Coca-Cola could not have become over a 50 billion dollarbusiness.Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. Heconcocted the formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard on May8, 1886. He mixed a combination of lime, cinnamon, coca straggles, and theseeds of a Brazilian scrub to make the fabulous beverage(Things go betterwith Coke 14). Coca-Cola debuted in Atlantas largest pharmacy, JacobsPharmacy, as a five cent non-carbonate beverage. Later on, the carbonatedwater was added to the syrup to make the beverage that we know today asCoca-Cola.Coca-Cola was originally used as a nerve and brain tonic and a medicalelixir. Co ca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pembertons closefriends, he also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. Dr.John Pemberton sold a portion of the Coca-Cola company to Asa Candler,after Pembertons death the remainder was sold to Candler. Pemberton wasforced to sell because he was in a state of poor wellness and was in debt. He had paid $76.96 for advertising, but he only made $50.00 in profits. Candler acquired the whole company for $2,300(Coca-Cola multiple pages).Candler achieved a lot during his time as owner of the company. OnJanuary 31, 1893, the famous Coca-Cola formula was patented. He alsoopened the first syrup manufacturing plant in 1884. His great achievementwas large scurf bottling of Coca-Cola in 1899. In 1915, The Root GlassCompany made the contour bottle for the Coca-Cola company. Candleraggressively advertised Coca-Cola in newspapers and on billboards. In thenewspapers, he would plant away coupons for a free Coke at any fountain. Coca-C ola was sold after the Prohibition Era to Ernest Woodruff for 25million dollars. He gave Coca-Cola to his son, Robert Woodruff, who wouldbe president for six decades(Facts, Figures, and Features Multiple pages).Robert Woodruff was an influential man in Atlanta because of hiscontributions to area colleges, universities, businesses and organizations.When he made a contribution, he would never leave his name, this is how hebecame to be known as Mr. Anonymous. Woodruff introduced the six bottlecarton in 1923.

Joe Paterno: He Is Penn State :: Essays Papers

Joe Paterno He Is Penn StateThe college football world has gone mad. Conferences are doing battle in courtrooms instead of on the football field. Teams are leaving their conferences and thro temptg tradition and loyalty out the window for a bigger paycheck. The Bowl Championship Series was supposed to end the confusion in the college football post season. It was supposed to crown a true champion. Instead, the B.C.S. has only brought more light to the fact that in college football it is all about cash and TV contracts. Teams that have no right going to a major bowl game go because of who they are and, more importantly, who their fans are and how much coin the fans are will to spend. Players are failing classes, stealing, doing drugs, breaking almost every law imaginable, and they are still suiting up to play on Saturday. In this new age of college football, there is a man who is as old school as having goal posts right on the goal line. He is condensed in stature, but he is larger than life. He has given millions of dollars back to his university, and he has put his heart and his soul into molding young me. Joe Paterno has become an exposure of college football. In these modern times, however, his moral philosophy and his coaching style seem outdated. Now, in the twilight of his career, he has to battle a grueling Big Ten schedule, the media who do him a legend and who are now looking to make him into a fool, and even his once loyal fans who have turned their backs on him. Joe Paterno has his back against the fence it seems everything is working against him. He could walk away now and forever be remembered as a great football coach, or he can prevail running out of that tunnel and work on putting Penn State football back on the map. He can take back the appellation that is rightfully his, the greatest college football coach of all time. Joe Paterno should remain in charge of the Penn State football program. Along the way, he deserves every Penn State fa ns support, win or lose. Joe Paterno has found a way to win in college football. More importantly, he has found a way to win and keep his morals and the morals of the University. Paterno could have retired two years ago, after he reached victory number 324.

Joe Paterno: He Is Penn State :: Essays Papers

Joe Paterno He Is Penn StateThe college football world has gone mad. Conferences be doing betrothal in courtrooms instead of on the football field. Teams are leaving their conferences and throwing tradition and loyalty out the window for a bigger paycheck. The Bowl Championship series was supposed to end the confusion in the college football post season. It was supposed to crown a true champion. Instead, the B.C.S. has only brought more light to the fact that in college football it is all about money and TV contracts. Teams that cede no ripe going to a major bowl game go because of who they are and, more importantly, who their fans are and how much money the fans are will to spend. Players are failing classes, stealing, doing drugs, breaking almost every law imaginable, and they are still fit up to play on Saturday. In this new age of college football, there is a man who is as old school as having goal posts right on the goal line. He is short in stature, but he is larger than life. He has given millions of dollars back to his university, and he has put his heart and his consciousness into molding young me. Joe Paterno has become an icon of college football. In these modern times, however, his morals and his coaching style seem outdated. Now, in the twilight of his career, he has to battle a grueling Big Ten schedule, the media who made him a legend and who are now looking to make him into a fool, and even his once loyal fans who have turned their backs on him. Joe Paterno has his back against the wall it seems everything is working against him. He could walk a expressive style now and forever be remembered as a great football coach, or he can keep running out of that tunnel and work on putting Penn State football back on the map. He can take back the title that is rightfully his, the greatest college football coach of all time. Joe Paterno should remain in charge of the Penn State football program. along the way, he deserves every Penn State fans suppor t, win or lose. Joe Paterno has found a way to win in college football. More importantly, he has found a way to win and keep his morals and the morals of the University. Paterno could have retired two years ago, after he reached victory number 324.

Barriers Of Implementing Technology In Education

Over the past fifty years or so, teachers and pargonnts have read and heard forecasts of an impending informational revolution each date a new technological innovation arrived on the scene. Fifty years ago, radio broadcasting was suppose to revolutionize education. Soon thereafter, teaching machines were predicted to bring brush changes.Next, television was touted as the medium that would solve difficultys facing education. Now, the calculator is being hailed as the next technological innovation to have a major cushion on the educational process.Modern education, in fact, has sustained a long-term interest in the social occasion of educational engineering science as a means to number more than efficient film opportunities for students. There are tools on how to use the new electronic technologies and this includes skills software computer graphics word processors tele communications simulations multimedia/ hypermedia system virtual reality and distributed learning.. In a field with such(prenominal) a wide range of powerful and complex tools, experts crowd outnot process but disagree well-nigh what teachers need to know and even where they should begin.Not long ago, many another(prenominal)(prenominal) experts advised teachers who wanted to become capable computer users learn to write computer programs in languages such as FORTRAN and BASIC. To become computer literate, many assumed that teachers needed to know enough close the technical workings of computers to follow. Few people today entrust that teachers need this much technical skill, but textbooks still provide wide varieties of information for beginning technology users. The following steps are needed to burgeon forth by the beginning technology users Develop a philosophy.Teachers must observe where current resources and types of applications fit in the history of the field. Then they must begin evolution personal perspectives on the current and future role of technology in education and in their own classrooms. Purchase products. Teachers must become informed, knowledgeable consumers of computer products and select wisely among available alternatives. Identify the problems. Teachers must be able to troubleshoot computer systems they use frequently in score to discriminate between problems they can correct and those that give require outside help. Speak the language. Sufficient understanding of the terms and concepts related to technology allows users to exchange information with other teachers and experts and to ask and coiffure questions to expand their knowledge. See where technology fits in education. In perhaps the most key- and the most difficult- challenge, teachers must identify specific school activities where technology can help to alter existing conditions or to create important educational opportunities that did not exist without it. As part of this process, teachers decide what they need to make these changes occur.This process of determine where and how technology fits is known among users of educational technology as integration. Successful integration requires a connection between how people learn and how teachers employ technology to service and enhance this learning. DISCUSSION Computer networks offer a significant opportunity for improving the educational climate, especially in situation calling for teaching at a distance in settings which are either primarily educational or primarily business oriented. Computer-based education networks are characterized by a large-scale central computer connected by a communication link to remote terminals.Students work at the remote terminals either case-by-casely or in groups. The major advantage of computer-based systems to the student is the potential for individualizing instruction.. Student progress can be continuously evaluated and the student can be assigned to appropriate learning activities. Individualization of instruction is possible because of the one-to-one int eraction between the educational system and the student. As far as the student is concerned, this is a confidential interaction between himself or herself and the system.The fact that the student is one of many persons exploitation the system at the same time, and the fact that a record is often make of the students progress, do not seem to detract from the feeling of individuality and confidentiality on the part of the student. The significant problem for many students in using computer-based system, especially adults, is the write ability required for the use of the system. The need for typing can be minimized by the use of programming techniques that limit the complexity of responses. System malfunctions are another disadvantage of computing networks and are very frustrating to the individual student.Malfunctions can occur either in the computing itself or in the communication links between the computer and the terminal. While the geographic and time-scheduling of computer-base d systems can be an advantage, it can also be a limitation. The terminals themselves and communication links are expensive. At present they cannot be universally located throughout the world. The distribution of other educational materials, such as books, can be accomplished with considerably more ease. Information technology (IT) can be a very effective distance learning medium.The IT package consisted of word processing, spreadsheet and communications software (via Telecom Gold) and a personal computer. IT is an interesting teacher. It can make learning easier and more attractive for example, a resource for learning about animals could include written information about their habitat, and pictures of it. There could be video clips showing the animal running, accompanied by animated diagrams of the operation of their skeletal structure and muscles. IT is also a patient and antiphonary teacher. software does not tire of waiting for a response.Computer Aided Learning software can giv e pupils immediate feedback. Pupils are rewarded as they make incremental progress. This can be particularly helpful where pupils have learning difficulties. Rewards can be structured so that pupils are motivated to learn. IT is pupil centered. Un same tralatitious didactic teching, strategies for teaching IT will emphasize pupil centered, resource-based learning. This helps IT teachers with the particularly exaggerated problems they have in planning and controlling continuity, progression, differentiation, and breadth and depth of learning.After citing some of the benefits derived from using IT, what therefore, has inhibited a outstandinger use of IT in management education? One rationality whitethorn be a paucity of good property educational material for use with computers. Another reason may be a lack of incentive or a resistance to change. Economic reason is also a possibility. Until very recently the use of IT as an instrument for individual learning has been prohibitively expensive. However, the reduced purchase price of the microcomputer has helped subvert that barrier. Many teachers are busy with their daily routines and can find any excuse when asked to add something new.Why change what is working? Many teachers find that it is easier to substantiate the status quo staying with what has been comfortable. Some teachers are afraid of taking any risk and exposing themselves as lacking skills, especially in front of their students. According to Rick Maurer, this revere of change can be categorized into three levels of resistance. Level One Resistance to any use of technology. These teachers do not understand what the administration is act to accomplish, or doubt if the school realizes how much technology will cost in time or money.They have their own ideas about what the school should do-they like the status quo, and intend the timing is wrong. Their main concern may just be fear of letting others know what they dont know. Level Two Deeper than the use of technology. These teachers believe the administration has made promises before which they did not keep. They are afraid that technology use is really the start of something deeper and fear if they do not use technology, they will no longer be included as in. Actually, many of these teachers may be worn out by taking on so many changes all at once and may not be completely opposed to using technology.Level Three Deeply embedded resistance. These teachers may have real deeply entrenched distrust over many years. They fight anything the administration is supporting because values differ from what teachers want and what administration is proposing. Teachers need a great deal of motivation when it comes to implementing technology in the classroom (Gahala, 2001). There are many obstacles to overcome. engineering science can be very intimidating for many teachers because introducing technology almost always requires new learning (Dyrli & Kinnaman, 1994).Teachers may lack t he time and the motivation to learn technology skills . The integration of technology into the curriculum will not succeed without giving teachers ample time to practice, explore, conceptualize, and collaborate (Gahala, 2001). This can be done by inviting them to join the school technology planning committee. Solicit teachers fight on the technology planning committee and explain why their participation is important (Conner, 2002). Another barrier to consider is the cost of technology to be implemented.Computer-based systems are more expensive to set-up. Hardware and softwares must be purchased and staff must be re-trained or recruited. Some disturbance and expense can be evaluate due to the need for the installation of excess electrical power circuits and computer network cabling and redecoration in parts of the school. Besides the high initial cost, the primary problem with investing in technology is the changing pattern of technology usage along with revisions in the associated definition of adequate resources.Maintenance and security for existing resources also became important cost issues. In the 1980s and 1990s, new directions in technology use replaced the emphasis on microcomputers with the trend toward multimedia and integrated learning systems. Schools now smell a dual challenge that seems likely to remain the only constant amid changing educational technology. Monetary costs associated with the implementation of computer-based technology system includes 1) with child(p) cost of computer and network hardware and software 2) Installation cost, including classroom and laboratory renovation. 3) Hardware and software upgrades 4) Support personnel for hardware and software installation, repair, and charge 5) Support personnel and facilities for training and support of users (instructors and students). Obsolete computers are replaced with more powerful computers, which include more sophisticated peripherals and network connections. These computers, s oftware, and the associated infrastructure require a greater level of training to use and maintain. Public school systems in the U. S. are currently spending $4,100,000,000 on hardware and software 8.A detailed study of K-12 education estimates that a reasonable target spending for technology should be approximately $300/student, compared to $70/student now being spent 9. A 1996 forecast predicts spending on educational technology by K-12 and higher education to rise from $6109 to $14109 by the year 2000 10. As a specific example in higher education, Virginia Tech, which has 25,000 total students, is spending $10-million over four years in an Instructional Development Initiative for classroom and faculty infrastructure.Computer projection equipment is being installed in classrooms, and approximately 1500 faculty members are receiving information technology training and a computer. Once all faculty members complete the course, another 4-year cycle will begin. The dollar amount of th is initiative does not include money spent by individual colleges, departments, and research groups for information technology for educational use. Oberlin quotes a total expenditure of $40-million on information technology for a Research-I university of 25,000 students 11.This figure translates to $1,600 per student per year, and does not include the money spent by individual students who can afford their own personal computers, peripherals, and software. Whether purchased with government support, tuition, student fees, or personal funds, the use of information technology is increasing the cost of education. Moreover, other problems may arise during the implementation of technology and these include the following 1) Methods of working are distorted to fit the requirements of the software used.If the software is not sufficiently flexible so that it can be changed to support current or proposed methods of working then these may have to be adjusted to match the requirements of the sof tware. 2) Bringing new IT-based systems into use can be time-consuming, as it is prudent to continue with both the old system and the new system until it is clear that the new system is working effectively. 3) Software may not do what is required of it. This may happen when the software does not work as it should or because new demands are made for additional facilities that the software is not designed to supply.CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION Nowadays, technology is rapidly moving and we cannot help but to cope with the advancement. It is true that using technology in education is very expensive and time consuming but it was worth the cost. Unfortunately, lack of global long-range planning often amounts to wasted efforts and excessive costs. For an innovation to be successful, teachers need to learn new skills and they may need to unlearn beliefs about students or instruction that have dominated their professional careers (Darling, Hammond & McLaughlin, 1996).Thus teacher professional d evelopment is at the heart of sustaining an innovation. Student support and enthusiasm for the local innovation also played an important role in motivating teachers to continue to occupy out and improve the innovation. Teachers want to do what is best for students to enhance their learning. If they believe that students are benefiting from a particular innovation, they in turn will be unstrained to devote additional time and effort required to maximize the advantage brought on by the innovation.Likewise, educators must resolve many complex issues in order to apply technology solutions to educational problems. They must address many concerns before and during implementation to ensure that technology will have the desired effects on students and schools. These concerns range from funding to selection and placement of technology resources. The author believes that regardless of the downfall of technology, computer-based system of education must go on to continuously improve learning. REFERENCES 1. Conner, D. (2002, April 12). Technology planning Closing the communications gap Education World.Retrieved March 19, 2004, from http//www. educationworld. com/a_tech/tech152. shtml 2. Crawford, R. (1997). Managing information technology. London Roulledge. pp. 131-135. 3. Dyrli, O. E. , and Kinnaman, D. E. (1994, January). Gaining access to technology First step in reservation a difference for your students. Technology and Learning, pp 16-50. 4. Crawford, R. (1997). Managing information technology. London Roulledge. pp. 131-135. 5. Gahala, J. (2001, October). Critical issue Promoting technology use in schools. Retrieved March 29, 2004, from http//www. ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te200. htm 6. Maurer, Rick. (1995) Beyond the Wall of Resistance maverick Strategies that Build Support for Change. Bard & Stephen. 7. Norton, P. & Sprague,D. (2001). Technology for teaching. USA Allyn & Bacon. pp. 23-30. 8. Data from a Quality Education Data (QED) report(1996 ), quoted in J. Chem. Ed. 73, A248. 9. Glennan, T. K. Melmed. (1996) A. Fostering the Use of Educational Technology Elements of a National Strategy RAND Santa Monica, CA. http//www. rand. org/publications/MR/MR682/contents. html 10. CCA Consulting Inc.(1996) quoted from News, Resources, and Trends, June 28, 1996, SyllabusWeb, Syllabus Press Sunnyvale, CA. http//www. syllabus. com/ntr06_28_96. html. 11. Oberlin, J. L. (1996) The Financial Mythology of Information Technology The New Economics, CAUSE/EFFECT , 19(1) issue of Spring 1996, 21 http//cause-www. colorado. edu/information-resources/ir-library/abstracts/cem9616. html 12. Darling-Hamilton, L. & McLaughlin, M. W. (1996). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. In M. W. McLaughlin & I. Oberman (eds. )Teacher learning New policies,new practices. NewYork Teachers College Press.

Effectiveness of International Law

Introduction This essay will focus on global uprightness being an effective tool for the equity of closure of externalist strifes. Timely resolutions and unbiassed resolutions atomic number 18 factors that determine effective dispute resolution. The definition and concept of international law, effective aspects of international law, and certain limitations of international law will be discussed in this essay. Further more, case studies will be provided to support the argument and to demonstrate the procedures of resolving international disputes. Definition and Concept of supranational Law transnational law can be defined as, the universal system of principles and policies concerning the relations between states and international organisations. The over each identity of international law is the United Nations, and they govern international law through legal documents known as treaties. worldwide law is enforced by the United Nations Security Council and the outside(a) cour t of justice of Criminal Justice. strong point of supranational Law in Resolving Disputes International law is expanding over the years as many countries argon now relying on it to solve their disputes.Most countries are part of regional organisations, such as the African Union and European Union, which follow the practice of international law . As more countries are get involved in international organisations, the fairness and reliability of international law can be observed. International law is not forced upon countries. Countries participate in international organisations to ensure stability and predictability in their relationship with other countries. This voluntary participation ensures that laws and agreements made will be fair and unbiased to all combat-ready countries.Countries are not coerced into agreeing to international law. The laws made within an international organisation are derived after much debate and consensus from participating countries. After the agreeme nts are made, these laws are put into place as treaties. This shows that international law allows for fair and unbiased resolutions as the laws will be clearly stated. Another positive element of international law in resolving disputes is, international law does not conflict with domestic laws most of the time.Domestic laws focus on the prosperity of the country while international laws focuses on the prosperity of all countries. at that placefore, when it comes to resolving international disputes, most countries will accept the decisions made by the international tribunals and the International judicial system of Justice. International laws withal adapt to the changes in society. These changes are reflected on the amendments of treaties. The United Nations ensures that all laws made are fair and unbiased. It also ensures that disputes between countries are dealt in the same manner.This is the origin as to why the International Court of Justice is a separate entity. When countri es that are having conflicts approach the United Nations for dispute resolution, they are referred to the International Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice examines all given evidence and they may also start their own investigations when it is required. The diversity amongst the panel of judges within the International Court of Justice reflects fairness and unbiasedness when resolving disputes.The International Court of Justice also allows for countries involved in the dispute to nominate a judge of their choosing, an Ad hoc judge, to tail end on the panel of judges. Case Study of the Effectiveness of International Law The conflict between Singapore and Malaysia over the sovereignty of Pedra Branca and Middle Rocks is a expert example of international law being effective. This case gives a clear example of how the International Court of Justice deals and resolves disputes effectively. The dispute started in 1980s when Malaysia published a map stating that Pedra B ranca belonged to her.Singapore disputed this, and both countries agreed to submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice started their own investigation and the positive hearing took place in 2007 under the name Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia v. Singapore). After a thorough study of all geographical evidence, ancient title documents and colonisation letters from the United Kingdom, in 2008, the International Court of Justice ruled that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and the Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia.Limitations in International Law There are certain limitations which affects the effectualness of international law. Firstly, not every country is a member of international law making organisations. International law making bodies will not be able to make laws and resolve disputes fairly if not all countries are part of this process. Secondly, the International Court of J ustice takes too long to make a decision. A key factor in dispute resolutions, is timely resolutions. If disputes are not resolved fast, the effectiveness of international law will be questioned.Lastly, the decision of the International Court of Justice cannot be appealed. Not all decisions are fair to affected countries. There may be instances whereby unjust decisions cannot be appealed.. Case Study of Limitations The territorial dispute between India and Pakistan is a good example of limitations of international law. This case is a good example of countries that do not actively participate in International dispute resolution. Both countries have claimed ownership of Kashmir since they became independent.However, they did not seek dispute resolution and over the years that tension increased into an armed conflict whereby many innocent lives were lost. The ongoing problem has worsened as Kashmir is now modify with terrorist organisations. In 2008, the United States of America stepp ed in and insisted that both countries resolve the dispute. The United Nations did not step in as they were not called upon by either country. finis International law is an effective tool for international dispute resolution as it ensures that laws are made, and disputes are resolved in a fair and unbiased manner.As there are many regional organisations, there are numerous avenues to resolve international disputes. However, the limitations to international law affects its effectiveness. International organisations should take a more active role and emphasise that all countries actively take part in international law to increase its effectiveness. 1 . Jane Stratton, International Law, level-headed Information Access Centre, 2009 2 . ibidem 3 . Ibid. 4 .William E Holder, Towards Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes (1969) Australian Year Book of International Law 102 5 . Ibid. 6 . Pitman B. Potter, Bases and Effectiveness of International Law (1968), The American Jo urnal of International Law 63(2), 270-272. 7 . Stratton, above n 1. 8 . Ibid. 9 . Ibid. 10 . Holder, above n 4. 11 . Ibid. 12 . Ibid. 13 . Ibid. 14 . pack Crawford, International Law And The Rule Of Law, (2003), Adelaide Law Review 3 24(1) 15 . Ibid. 16 . Stratton, above n 1. 17 . Ibid. 18 .Crawford, above n 14. 19 . Stratton, above n 1. 20 . Yuval Shany, Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts a Goal-Based Approach (2012), The American Journal of International Law 106(2), 225-270. 21 . Ibid. 22 . Ibid. 23 . International Court of Justice, Case Concerning The Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge, 23 May 2008 24 . Ibid. 25 . Ibid. 26 . Ibid. 27 . Richard Steinberg et al, Power and International Law (2006), The American Journal of International Law100(1), 64-87. 28 . Ibid. 29 . Anna Spain, Using International Dispute Resolution to Address the Compliance Question in International Law (2008-2009), Georgetown Jour nal of International Law 40(1), 807-864. 30 . Ibid. 31 . Shany, above n 20. 32 . Ibid. 33 . Hans Koechler, The Kashmir Problem between Law and Realpolitik Reflections on a Negotiated Settlement, International Council on Human Rights,1 April 2008 http//i-p-o. org/Koechler-Kashmir_Discourse-European_Parliament-April2008. htm 34 . Ibid. 35 . Ibid. 36 . Ibid.

Explain why the duke of Wellington’s government fell from power in 1830? Essay

The fall of duke jackboots government in November 1830 is regarded as bingle of the most weighty turning point and a very pivotal moment in British history. So decisive and seemingly unexpected, was the low-spiritedward turn in the dukes political fortune and his government, meant is was caused by an array of reasons. From the standpoint of the 2 major parties, the political stature of Britain was quite weak. As a result of arguments and internal splits at bottom the government, the tory party for the first time in many years had become apart of the minority. The small liberal wing of the tory party, the adviseningities had left in 1828 after a series of disagreements with the capital of New Zealand, whereas the Ultras, who were loyal to Wellington and Peel, left the Tory party mainly because the of the passing of catholic emancipation in 1829.Another issue that caused the disintegration of Wellingtons Tory party was not only just catholic emancipation, only if also the fact that the duke and peel had to announce it. The Act of C.E was passed in April 1829, with a agree of 173 Tory MPs against it. The ultra Tories believed that Catholic emancipation was an assault on the British Constitution, Although many Tories sympathised with Peel, they hated Wellington for falling to catholic pressure and judged him as misguided, or even two faced because he had always been a opponent to Catholic Emancipation. There was also widespread opposition in the country at large, because many in many cities like Liverpool and Manchester, there were many immigrants. This not only fractured Wellingtons capability as leader, but his government as well because the Tory party was instantly split 3 ways the canningities soon to be allied with the Whigs, and also the separate faction of ultras who mat up betrayed by Wellington.But one of the key factors that essentially solidified end of the Wellingtons government, was the speech that he read out in the refreshed parliament me eting of November 1830. In trying to win support from the ultras, he made a speech in which he said he sawing machine no need to consider and change in the current parliamentary system, an opinion rarely shared by other, This can be argued as one of the worst political own goals in British History as he clearly missed the mood of the moment, as there was genuinely a big concern over parliamentary reform.Wellingtons argument seemed entirely wrong almost to the point of stupidity as there was bulky support towards parliamentary reform from both inside and outside parliament. Another issue that pushed Wellingtons government to the brink, was the ever growing power of the Whig party. The Whigs were now pushing for parliamentary reform and they were now more stronger and more confident.They had support of the canningites, who were experienced in parliament and the support of the new King William IV, they had a monarch who was not opposed to them like King George the IV had been. Some ultra tories who felt betrayed by Peel and Wellington united with the Whigs and Canningities to defeat the government. By 1827- 30, the divisions in spite of appearance the Wellingtons government had become to severe, the various arguments between factions limited its political aims and capability. The Whigs had a big part to play in bring forward fracturing Wellingtons government by its alliances with the canningities and the ultras, so inevitably had a big part to play in the demise off Wellingtons government.How close to revolution did Britain come in 1830-32?A revolution can be defined as a drastic and far grasp change in a countrys way of thinking and behaviour. It is usually due to the fact that political change fails to respond to social or economic distress. In Britain, The growing pressure to change an unrepresentative electoral system was strengthened by the deteriorating economy. Against a backdrop of poor harvests, rising rate of unemployment and revival of radical d emands for reform it could argued that at face value, Britain extremely close to revolution from the years of 1830 to 1832.An issue that helped in pushing Britain to the brink of revolution was the crisis caused by the harvest failure, high prices and unemployment. These were some of the many issues which cause unrest within the countryside, as their was protests ranging from the destruction of machinery to the burning of corn. So the swing riots of 1830-1831 had begun. The significance of the agricultural disaster of 1830 and the swing riots, is that is can be argued as one of the initial steps which caused the rebellious and revolutionary attitudes of the people of Britain to grow.A crucial issue that almost caused a revolutionary climate in Britain between 1830-32 was the issue of parliamentary reform. Although changes had been made, like redistributing seats to more industrially centred set ups like Manchester and Leeds, so giving the middle word form factory owners more poli tical power and significance, the fact remained that house of Lords and the government as a whole, was still saturated with Aristocracy. The usual were being let down and felt that the house of lords was clearly out of touch with the workings and middle classes wishes, and example of this was the rejection of the second reform bill by the Lords in 1831, which caused widespread raise throughout the country.Although many groups and coalitions were formed to support the great reform act, one of the most notable political societies was the Birmingham Political union. The need for change, and so revolution can be clearly seen in formation of this union, as a crowd of over 15,000 arrived on its first meeting. It was inspired by the works of the Catholic Association in attracting mass membership and being well organised, without any form of violence. To gain support, The BPUs polices were mainly targeted at middle and working classes, but there were other important coalitions like the M PU (Metropolitan Political Union) which was dominated by artisans and craftsman, who had be radicals in the years of 1819. Ultimately, the union of these various craftsmen, businessmen, lawyers and workers change magnitude the tensions and sense of inquietude with the government, so once again spurs the idea that Britain was edging closer to revolution.As well as pressure from the BPU, Francis Plaice made London the central place of opposition of the Lords, but not the Whigs. Whereas elsewhere by 1832, there were cases of violent protests which appeared throughout the country. Riots spread from the small rural areas to the large industrial towns, as the tensions concerning reforms increased drastically.One extreme case of rioting was in Bristol, when a violent mob burned down almost all of there town centre. solely these different forms of protest suggest that, revolutionary circumstances like the overthrowing of Charles X in France or the demolition of Tsar in Russia, was rapidl y becoming an inevitability in Britain. Arguably the only thing that interdicted full scale revolution was the desire of the Whig party and there newly elected leader lord hoarys partial support towards reform, and efforts in turning violent protests into safe and legitimate reform.However there were major political issues that suggested that, Britain wouldnt have a revolution just yet, unlike its neighbour France. Since the late 1770s the Lord grey had handled issues over parliamentary reform, but in 1831 he in the end got his moment. Although the Whigs only partially supported the idea of parliamentary reform, Earl grey was enough of a politician to realise that in the defeat of the first 2 bills and public disturbances, some change will be needed to mediate the situation. A quote for greyness states that The principle of my reform is to prevent the need for revolution. Grey was very aware of the publics opinion and knew that situation would only get worse if they were inhib ited any form of change. Grey motives were clear from the deject as his idea of reforming to change was faade to stop Britain becoming a democratic country, and so helped prevent a revolution.Although the Whig party still headed for aristocracy and believed that the amount of property was the basis for representation, the small amount of change or daresay reform allowed them stop further rebellions and prevent Britain disintegrating, and also helped the poor and working classes. Redistribution was vital in preventing the working classes from rebelling, as they could take seats from seemly useless places like Old Sarum and Dunich to newly industrialising cities. The Whigs wanted to protect aristocracy, but firmly believed that to strengthen the establishment they had to give the franchise to people with new forms of property and intelligence, which meant that middle class factory owners could now sit as an MP and vote. There were other changes which allowed the Whigs to reassure t he situation with the public, and so prevent a revolution, this included 31 small boroughs losing half their Mps and also mean that boroughs of less than 2000 votes were totally disfranchised.Britain was going through bleak times with a deteriorating economy and unemployment rate, and prominent cases of radicalism and violence. The public were being let down and felt that the house of lords was clearly out of touch with the working and middle classes wishes all these factors contributed to the urgent need of political reform, suggesting that to a certain extent that revolution was quite close, if the situation was left not dealt with any endless it probably would have occurred.However It must be said that Grey was speaking the truth when he said the bill was an aristocratic measure that was introduced to prevent the need for revolution. He was very clever in his methods of introducing a small amount of change to delay revolution, and restore order to Britain. Ultimately, aspects of the Whig party ensured that revolution could occur, on the face of it, it shows that they changed the political map forever, but in truth it was a limited, but clever change to preserve there current constitution. So in conclusion, I must say that although to a certain extent Britain had come close to a revolution, but the actions of grey and his Whig party in preventing revolution, meant that that to a fairly further extent Britain had not come close to a revolution.

Is the Internet Bad for Us?

ENG 120 I03FY February 23, 2010 Is the internet bad for us ? In the old eld, a paper research used to event up to several days, when but libraries and encyclopedias had the right and trustful info. A visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art involved finding the address first, and that took as hearty quite some time. In our days each this information is just a click away. The profit, with the help of web pages, such as Google Search and Google Maps, are the solution to e very(prenominal) question iodin may ask. The long days of search have ended, but it doesnt mean it is a favorable or beneficial thing for each mortal.Scientists and professors of well known universities have discovered that this trouble free, straightforward and rapid method has determined non only the senses to delay the thought process, but also changed heaps behavior in their lives in a negative way. One neuroscientist, Dr. Gary Small conducted a study where he examined the impact of the Internet on a yo ung persons brain. This study consisted of reading a MRI while the person was surfing on the Internet, and another one while it was reading a book.Then, the results where very surprising the MRI showed more brain activity in the frontal part, the decision part of the brain, when the person was surfing the Internet. The study reached lots of newspapers, and every person believed that Google is making them smarter. However, after a short period of time, Dr. Small reviewed the results and stated On a brain scan big doesnt mean it is bettorIts exactly as in a golf game, you want to keep your score lower. One can easily see that this brain activity is without doubt detrimental to all of us and surfing the Internet only decreases our process of thinking, instead of increasing it.Surfing on the Internet has bring a daily routine, by checking the e-mail, researching on some interesting subjects and that takes probably an hour per day, which is ordinary in our days. Still, there are millio ns of young students that stay an clean of fifty hours a week on the Internet and that just doesnt seem something normal. All this time spent on the Internet has affected their thinking development. A pathologist of the University of Michigan Medical School states that I cant read War and Peace anymore, Ive lost the ability to do that. Even a blog post on more than three or four paragraphs is too much to absorb. I skim it. This is actually a frightening reality that applies to myself as well. Not only I cant focus on my daily readings for my biology class, but also if I start reading a book, after only twenty minutes I loose my concentration. This inability to make rich mental connections and just to think, has alter our real intelligence into an artificial intelligence, thus the Internet has a direct participation towards our brain development. One can say that the Internet has changed our lives for the better, since World large-minded Web possesses information about almost ev erything. However, not all the information on the Internet is accurate.There are several web sites where the information is not meticulously verified, therefore one can obtain data and facts that are untrue, even misleading. The best example is Wikipedia, a website where anyone can put any information on this page without any previous examination. Countless students use this web site to research for projects, without knowing the danger of misleading information. Communication in our lives is a tremendous vital thing. Indeed, human beings are born to communicate with each other no matter what kind of lives they decide to live. Communicating with other heap allows us to learn about ourselves as human creatures.It helps us to understand our way of behaving, of thinking in different situations/places. However, the Internet has a considerable meat on our daily communication with out friends, family and even loved ones. The casual coffee in a modern cafe is replaced by staying on yahoo Messenger talking for hours in front of the computer, and a discussion face to face has become a thing of the past, thanks to Second Life, a chopine where you could meet virtually at a restaurant, cafe or even in a park. The increased access and heavy reliance onto computer games and the Internet for many people today have led to many social problems.Obsessive computer use leads to addiction, which can lead to financial problems, broken relationships, somatogenetic and emotional problems. An example of such addiction affected a Korean family. Their son was sent in a camp for he was playing all the time computer games. This camp helped him to stay away from a computer for two weeks, so that he could concentrate on regular activities. The Internet has across-the-board its power at the point that Google and Microsoft are in the process of creating an online international library, extinguishing books.This idea would only cause the lost of our culture and history, because books are a n fundamental factor in the achievement of todays familiarity. The vinegar that was used in the old days to sanitize the scrolls from the deadly diseases, was a crucial machine towards finding the location from where they were sent. Studying their chemical components scientists discovered even details of their way of living. In conclusion, technology in all of its forms social networks, the Web, online gaming is a net loss for todays young people. As Grafton states The narrow path still leads, as it must, to crowded public rooms where the sunlight gleams on varnished tables, and knowledge is embodied in millions of dusty, crumbling, smelly, irreplaceable documents and books. Scientists proofed that the Internet is a direct cause of our mental regress, consequently each one of us must take this seriously, before we turn up into a chaotic, unwise and mentally challenged world. Works Cited Digital Nation. Frontline. PBS. WNET, New York. 2 Feb. 2010. Television. Grafton, Anthony. Future Reading Digitization and Its Discontents. Fields of Reading. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2010

Geography of the Philippines essay Essay

GeographyGeography and climate have always had rattling potent effects on culture. Geography, or the study of relationships between people and locations on Earth, very often shapes the way people live and interact with each other. Climate, or the prevailing weather patterns over time of a region, also has drastic effects on society and cultures, and these statements atomic number 18 especi altogethery true in the South East Asian nation of the Philippines.The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelago, or chain of islands, located off-key the south-eastern coast of Asia. Consisting of over 7,000 vol lavic islands with a total land ara of nearly 300,000 square kilometers (approximately the size of Arizona), islands of the Philippines are preponderantly mountainous except for densely populated coastal plains on larger islands. The hoidenish is located over the Philippine Trench, a plate tectonic limit point which forms part of the Ring of Fire (see Map 2).The Ring of Fire, a r egion closely associated with volcanic and earthquake natural exercise, lends a heavy influence to volcanic activity on the islands of the Philippines (one such example is Mount Pinatubo, a very active volcano on the island of Luzon. See Map 1 for location of Luzon). The geography completelyows for vigorous-nigh cultural diffusion, Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity all reached the islands by the mid 117th century although there are still places that are extremely isolated to the point of having no electricity7 at all and primitive methods of life.The climate of the Republic of the Philippines is a warm and moist one. Affected by a northeast monsoon from November to April and a southwest monsoon from May to October, warm winds and look into rainfall dominate the climate patterns of the nation. Approximately nineteen percent of Filipino land is arable, the second most in the region of South East Asia. As shown in the Arable Land chart, the only commonwealth near the Philippine s with more farmland is Thailand with over thirty percent arable land. The warm weather and moist monsoons allow for liftth of the nations main crops sugar, and rice. Although only 19% of the land is farmable there is plenty forest and permanent crop space for exportation cash crops and lumber, as is shown inPhilippine Land Usage pie chart. Forty-six percent of the archipelago is covered with forests for loggers to cut and sell at reasonable rates to cede the economy a boost.Social IssuesThe Philippines have seen a steady increase in macrocosm over the last 40 years. Since 1960, when the population was over 27 million (see Philippines Population Over Time bar line chart), the nation has seen a steady increase of about 10 million citizens per year. In 2001, the population rose to over 82.8 million, an increase of over 20 million people in just over ten years, probably because of an increase in the teemingness of jobs in the area of labor and services. Since labor costs were cut in 1992 due to a sluggish economy the population skyrocketed because people could now see to it jobs in factories and markets because of a foreign interest in hiring cheap laborers.Over 95% of the Filipino population are of Malay decent, while the other louver percent is mainly people of Chinese ethnicity, as is shown in the Ethnic demographic pie chart. The dominant religion is Roman Catholicism, followed by Protestant and Islam (see Religious Demographic chart). All of the popular philosophies in the Philippines came as a result of cultural diffusion from other areas, there is a very small minority that charge native beliefs to the region.The Philippines have a stable educational system, with let off schooling for children ages 7-12 years and one of the highest literacy rates of all the nations in South East Asia. match to the chart titled Literacy, the Philippines have a rate of literacy (94.6% among people over 15 years of age) challenged only by those of Thailand and Vietnam . Schooling is also mandatory for all children who are citizens of the Philippines.Medical technology is another strongpoint in the Philippine society. Aids deaths are the lowest among neighboring countries shown in the Aids Deaths chart, with under 2000 aids deaths to date. This shows advancements in medicine and modernized facilities for people to be treated. There is onehospital bed available for every 860 people, and a physician for every 849 people. These ratios are very good for the region, neighboring countries are no where near that equipped for the care of ill people.Political IssuesThe Republic of the Philippines is, as stated, a republic. The Head of State is an take president. The country is divided into 73 provinces under one Union, as illustrated in Map 3, though only the 55 largest provinces are shown since the others are not visible to the maps scale. The discipline capital is Manila on the island of Luzon. There are approximately 150,000 active defense troops stat ioned in the country for various purposes. The only government-recognized official languages are Filipino and English. A universal law of suffrage grants anyone 18 years of age or older the ripe to vote on elected officials and any other deeds requiring a majority vote from the public. The government is stable and reliable to citizens, with a sturdy chat up system based on Spanish and American concepts and an executive branch that enforces laws efficiently.EconomyThe Filipino economy is based strongly on services and labor, as is shown in the chart for Philippine GDP Sector Composition. The sectors for agriculture and industry are both less than the services sector, showing that the economy relies intemperately on services. Labor in the country is cheap , and rates are low for foreign businesses wishing to hire out production of goods.The agricultural variableness of the economy has a strong influence, also. The chief cash crops are rice and sugar, both of which are grown on coas tal plains on most of the islands in the archipelago. Farmland is restricted to the deep coastal plains because of the generally mountainous terrain the islands have from their volcanic origins. Two warm and wet monsoons fertilize soil and help crops grow in the fertile flatlands near the coast. Main minerals mined in the region are cobalt, copper, and iron ore, all ofwhich are exported at fair rates.Industry is doing well in the Philippines, the main industry for the country is textiles and since labor is cheap and there is a good mineral supply, machinery is not scarce. A great deal of pharmaceuticals are also produced in the Philippines.Transportation is thriving in the Philippines. The Republic of the Philippines has more Airports than any neighboring nation, as is shown in Number of Airports graph. With almost 300 national airports, they have more than doubled the amount of any neighboring South East Asian country. Transport by air and sea is heavily relied upon, since the coun try has so many water borders. With over 36,289 km of coastline among its 7,000 islands, the archipelago of the Philippines heavily relies on boats and planes to move about, domestically or when migrating to other countries.Summary of StatusThe Republic of the Philippines is a stable country built on a solid government and fair economy. Faith in the governing body is high, and the system of law enforcement and regulations are sturdily based on American and Spanish systems. Geography allows for growth of crops and an evenly dispersed population. Aside from extemporaneous volcanic activity and some tsunami action because of its location on the Ring of Fire, climatic conditions are beneficial to most because of the positive effects on farming and fertilizing soil. Socially, the differences in culture between regions and islands can be great, but for the most part the nation is made up of people with Christian Malay heritage, though many other ethnic groups hold out in the nation. Medi cal and educational systems are both very stable and advanced, with low death-at-birth- rates and abundant hospital space, along with a mandatory and free school system for children.All things considered, the Philippines are doing better than most South East Asian nations that neighbor the archipelago. With a well-balanced scale of politics, economy, and society, capped off with a mainly beneficial geographic setting, the Republic of the Philippines is doing better than most South East Asiannations in transportation technology, medical practice, arable and farmed land, forestry, and limitless other areas of the countrys array of economic and social areas. With good population growth and even better projected growth, the Philippines should endure years of harbour prosperity in the future based on everything mentioned above.

Ensuring quality websites Essay

Internet is an ever expanding medium. The number of users of the World Wide Web colloquially called as the internet has grown to over 1. 02 billion and includes 15 percent population of the World. (World Internet Usage, 2006). This is slated to expand even more rapidly hereafter as it is proving to be an ideal medium for all types of social, business, government and informational transactions. Cyber Rater is a sack up site rating proceeds which will assess wind vane sites based on their quality, reliability and the timeliness with which they provide information to the user.The number of net sites is increasing exp iodinentially. A survey by Netcraft for June 2006 reported an increase of 3. 96 million sites in one month between May to June. (Webserver Survey, 2006). However the plethora of sites on virtually all subjects has created a problem for the user, as he is unable to assess the talent and accuracy of the information provided on the site. Cyber rater will attempt to this void, by rating sites and providing these with a verification certificate based on authenticity, quality and speed in providing the information to the user.Cyber Rater will be a web based organization, thereby the initial infra structure cost will be restricted to computers and new(prenominal) information technology assets to facilitate speedy entranceway of the net, register the sites, assess these and provide certification. The business is proposed to be started by December 2006 and a healthy consequence is expected with break even point reached by December 2007. Mission Statement Our Mission. To facilitate web users in instantly assessing the quality of a web site. Grading web sites on each subject based on quality will be a key facet of the mission.To create virtue on the web by generating a hierarchy of gradation for web sites will be inclusive in the overall mission. To improve the overall bailiwick on the web will be the underlying theme of the mission. Needs Proliferat ion of web sites as well as the large number of users of the web has created a new market for certification of the best sites based on quality and accuracy of content, timeliness in publication and credibility. This will provide a service to both the user as well as the web site provider.While the user will be able to gravitate to the best web site on a subject, the provider will attempt to improve his content based on authenticity of information, the assessed market needs of the users and the latest web and communication technologies available. This will greatly facilitate all users such as researchers and students who will get a certified source, the e purchaser, and an authenticated, best bargain without slicker and the business person timely information of opportunities available for commerce to beat the competition.A certified web site rating system will greatly improve the overall quality of the web as it will assist in establishing uniform standards, motivate investments in using state of the art technologies by web sites, adoption of best practices and sustained support will be available through government policies. Objectives The objectives of Cyber Rater will flow from its mission which is to facilitate web users in assessing the quality of a web site thereby enabling them to home on to the best in each category. The objectives will be depleted down into three criteria as given below-Objectives Related to Users Objective 1. To provide the user information of the quality of the web site he is accessing to do commerce, interact socially or merely to gain information on a subject. Objective 2. To provide knowledge workers assurance of the information that is being accessed by them on the web. This will overcome the present wishing of credibility of most web sources for research. Objective 3. To provide the user with authentic and original information, free of copy right, trade mark or patent infringement.This will avoid the embarrassment as well pos sible legal action at a by and by stage. Objectives Related To Web Sites Objective 1. To provide a forum for quality web sites to propagate their value on the web. This will also enable them an chance to increase their popularity and revenues. Objective 2. To generate impetus for improving the overall quality of web sites and web content by creating a hierarchy of excellence. Objective 3. To disfranchise those web site providers who are not able to provide quality and authenticity to continue on the web.This will come about by their non certification, non access over a period by the user and thus a virtual demise due to infrequent access. Objectives Related to Business Objective 1. To take the highest standards of ethics and values. This is essential to every rating agency and will enable maintenance of credibility and thus attract maximum business in the huge term. Objective 2. To attract the best talent in the profession. This alone will reckon that the assessments made would maintain an even standard and are free from biases of lack of knowledge as well as judgment.Objective 3. To employ the best technologies available in the field and continue to constantly upgrade them. Objective 3. To ensure the financial viability of the business and break even within one year. References 1. Webserver Survey. 2006. June 2006 Webserver Survey. http//news. netcraft. com/archives/2006/06/04/june_2006_web_server_survey. html (24 June 2006). 2. World Internet Usage. 2006. Internet Usage Statistics The Big Picture. http//www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. (24 June 2006).

Ashok Rajguru Essay

From the first session ground on the case Ashok RaJguru, I learned that to help a person, it is better to guide him to find a solution to his problems by himself. On the other hand, Ashok helped me in analysing my life by better reading the intermingle of value of studies as well as personal relationships in life.Here I learnt that it is important to understand the value of your dreams at each stage and to keep evaluating it after some time, so that you dont have to regret later. For the second case, I could not relate to a lot of things from my past experiences, except I got to know the kind of problems go about by employees in organisations. Here I learned from the experiences of my colleagues, who had faced similar situations at their workplace.I also learned that it is important o let misunderstandings not name created and if they do, then we should sort them out at the earliest. In the third and the fourth session, we analysed our personalities by filling in a questionnair e. With this instrument, I was able to understand the ego states that I follow. It has helped me in understanding various minutes that have taken place afterwards and I have been able to relate to them. From the reading I learned Managerial styles which will help me I my future

Balancing Social and Academic Life Essay

Balancing schoolman responsibilities and companion commensurate relationship is complicated. Some whiles, if we skilful focused on our schoolman responsibilities, we atomic number 18 temperedting aside our friends and our family we set aside the fact that in that respect is a real world you have to have fun and discover. On the other hand, some of us dont cargon about our responsibilities on academic especially in college level, because we think our hearty lives are to a greater extent important than it is. If you want to be gratified you ought to be balanced in everything that you do and want, thats why planning and defining moments to each particular activity you do is so important.This analyze is aimed at providing healthcare professionals with ideas and information regarding assimilator nurses on how they balance their focus and time between academic responsibilities and genial relationships. It was also prepared for the purpose of unveiling the exploit of which to academic performances. The gathering of data give come from the nurse students of World Citi Colleges from primary year to third year. Proper balancing of two authoritative priorities would lead to an improvement and subsequently much better effect on academic performances of a student.The come to in this subject was motivated by the researchers desire to observe the effects on academic performance from how nursing students balance such priorities as a student. Will they spend their time on examine more than they heartyize? Or whitethornbe its more important for them to course out with friends and enjoy life to the fullest rather than to shoot? In this case, is it sacrificing one of our priorities? Could each student able to balance their time or is it just the idea of passing the course? Whatever would be their choice, it may view their academic performances. These are associated decisions that will determine whether the outcome would be positive or negative.To be able to balance academic responsibilities and social relationship requires thorough management of our time. This is a defying part of creation able to meet the academic requirement and to have time with our family and friends. Especially in nursing, there are lots of academic requirement that is needed to pass through the whole course thus, interfering with our social relationship. It takes the time of our social lives, for some this may not be a big deal in other cases social relationship and academic responsibility is a difficult task to throw off.Most greenness students in nursing are teenagers, at this stage in life they are focused in self-care sleeps late and takes nap. Most of their time are given to discover themselves and how big life is. The trouble of studying more than 12 hours a week interferes with the social life and this really affects their school performance. Some others set aside parties or night-life to do homework, even goes to bed early to avoid falling asleep dur ing assort and duty hours. At school they become socialized to the role of a nurse and hear immeasurable stories about responsible nurses who put their patients, their employers, and virtually everyone else initiative in their lives.Statement of the ProblemThe research aims to investigate the nursing students on Balancing Academic Responsibilities and social life effect to the academic performance of first year to third year college students of World Citi College, Quezon City Campus. Specifically, sought to answer the following questions1.What is the demographic visibility of the respondents in terms of1.1Age1.2Gender1.3Civil Status2.How do nursing student balance their social life in terms of2.1 Family2.2 Friends2.3 Time3.How do balancing social life affect their academic performance in terms of3.1 Academic Outcome3.2 Student Character4.How do balancing academic responsibility affect their academic performance in terms of4.1 Academic Outcome4.2 Student Character5.Is there all s ignificant relationship between balancing academic responsibilities, social life and in the students academic performance?Purposes of the study1.To determine the demographic profile of the respondents. 2.To describe how nursing students balance their social life in terms of family, friends and time. 3.To investigate how do balancing social life affect their academic performance. 4.To find out how do balancing academic responsibility affect their academic performance. 5.To know is there any significant relationship between balancing academic responsibilities, social life and in the students academic performance.Significance of the StudyThis study will benefit the college coordinators, guidance counselors, faculty/professors, students and parents devising them aware of how most students balanced their time between academic responsibilities and social relationships, thus, finding out its effect on their academic performance.College coordinators/Professors they will be prompted to sugg est and promote better activities that would encourage students to be more focused on balancing their time for their academic and social life at the same time.Students the findings of the study course will help them increase their awareness on their strengths and weaknesses regarding their academic performance. One way of constituent the students is to give them appropriate attention, and care as well as patient and love in bon ton for them to build up their confidence and best in everything they do. Also, to help them mold the right perspective in life for them to know and feel that they exist in this world.Parents they can guide, give attention and support their children in relation to their academic performance in school, may it be for their academic improvement or social growth. They can also recognize and identify what are the strengths and weaknesses of their children for them to know how to support and help them to gain bail and trust to themselves. In addition, this may a lso build up the childs foundation, and will do their best to work hard on their studies.Future researchers the data gathered from this research could be laboursaving as an addition resource material for those who are inclined in doing this kind of study. Researcher could make use of the findings of this study in formulating a new hypotheses that is need to be tested in nine to support the theories concerning this matter made by early theorists.Scope and Limitations of the StudyThis study is focused on balancing academic responsibilities and social life its effect to the academic performance of nursing students. This study will be confined within the World Citi Colleges Nursing Department. Respondents of the Study will be correspond by the first year to third year nursing students who are officially enrolled in first semester school year 2013-2014. This research will be done in five months time.It does not seek to include 4th year students because they are more experienced about the mise en scene and adjusted themselves to college. Other extra-curricular activities of the student will not be included.Conceptual FrameworkAssumptionThe researchers curb that all of the information gathered from the student respondents with regards to their profile, balancing academic responsibility and social life are certified, accurate and reliable enough to for this study. The respondents of the study are the 1st year to 3rd year nursing students of World Citi Colleges, Quezon City Campus.

The 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as

The 19th Century American artifice described Naturalism as Life imitating nature and the artists of this period began focusing on real feel situations. Naturalism literature began to flourish after the civil war and after the most loved romilitary personnelticism and Victorian literature. Naturalism focuses on the lower to middle class man in which he is a futile figure of a domineering universe of a hostile nature. Some sort of fight for the fittest and the strong and predestined are the only sure winner.The Ambrose Bierce write up at Owl Creek tie is told by a third party narrator. For a simple reason that a man who is utter cannot narrate his own demise? It says nothing more of a man named Peyton Fahrquhar, a planter from a respected Alabama family the former counterbalance distinguishes him as a gentleman which befits his physical appearance. Despite of the mans description, the person in the fib seemed to die a futile death giving accentuate on the character of natura lism to which man is unimportant as quoted by the narrator belowhe . . original secessionist devoted to the Southern cause. Circumstances of an imperious nature, which it is unnecessary to relate here, had . . . .army which had fought the disastrous campaigns (Bierce, 2004)Cynical, skeptical or mocking characteristics is vividly present along these lines,To be hanged and drowned, he thought, that is not so bad entirely I do not wish to be shot. No .. not be shot that is not fair.(Bierce, 2004)The story dealt more on the agonizing death of a person but it was more descriptive than sentimental. It is an unwanted way of dying and yet there is no reason to stop it.The entire etymon below is focused on someone who has experienced a few moments of keep before death and another few moments after dying. His soulfulness seemed to search and in a way could not even tell he is really dead. The story of the life of Peyton is a step by step annals about the ironies of violent death, as if a man could account of his own dying which can be paraphrasedTo die of hanging at the bottom of a river the idea seemed to him ludicrous. He opened his eyeball in the darkness above him a gleam of light, but how inaccessible He was still sinking, for the light became fainter .mere glimmer.(Bierce, 2004)His bang ached horribly his brain was on fire, his heart, fluttering faintly, gave a great leap, trying to force itself out at his mouth. His whole body was wrenched with an insupportable anguish (Bierce) 2004.The two lines below were skillfully drawn by the author and I must say that he has expertly given the most significant characteristic to the story by defining life and imitating nature. He uses the forest and trees, even the detail of a leaf and those that inhabits itincluding the dawn dewdrops. He described nature just as he describes a new life that is to be unfolding.the forest on the bank of the stream trees, the leave ,, veining of each leaf he saw the real insect s noted the prismatic colors in all the dewdrops million blades of grass. The gnats that danced..the eddies . . . the beating of the dragon flies wings, the strokes water spiders legs, equal oars which had lifted their boat all these made audible music.(Bierce)2004.A fish slid along beneath his eyes and he heard the rush of its body parting the water.(Bierce) 2004.This brief sentence above almost entire the story the author wanted to conclude, that death has come and the heavens could be so near. As if describing that the soul came out from the eye and it moves thru the waters. Bierce in his few words was able to describe a real life situation which is one of the most interesting characteristic of a naturalistic piece work up. That after life of course comes death.Peyton Fahrquhar was dead his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek bridge.(Bierce) 2004.Though the whole work is a literary genius, it leaves a mark of pessimism on t he part of the reader. Pessimism in the sense that the character of the story was never given a chance. He was doomed simply because of a circumstance that is beyond the determine of the person being told. There was no hope but a dream or it could be real that the characters soul transcended only to be able to look for his love ones. as yet in this scene we can see that there is a big division. There is desire to be with someone and yet the story emphasizes more on losing. The sad part of it is for an observer to have an ruling that not all prayers are answered and an urgent question that need to be asked where is God why did he allowed such fate?REFEENCESBierce, 2004 A. An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge Electronic Version. Retrieved 24 September 2007 from

Guns, Germs and Steel Essay

The harbor Guns, Germs and Steel is an interesting photo of J bed Diamond to challenge and refresh our outlook towards the effect of politics to cultural and individual study as based from historical and theoretical concept. JD is a physiologist and evolutionary biologist and has made this work on a broader scope during his explorations in tender Guinea to study the culture as well as the environment of the quite a little. It started out in a prologue fleck Jared travels with his friend Yali, a New Guinean and questions the diminutive freight rate of the locals against the bulk of cargos of the Eurasians.JD tried to explain to Yali by answering him with historical and theoretical views according to his re search. JD said that while the natives own the land and the resources, the foreigners are capable of dominance because they are superior in technology as can be seen with their tools and machinery. But JD explained to Yali that what he sees is non proof of the superiority of the Eurasians over the natives but rather the opposite. JD said that Yalis batch are actually smarter and conciliateable to any environment because they live in a world that has requires critical survival.Chapter 1 of the book discusses the origin of man and their discovery of tools and art as depicted from their paintings. JD theorizes that man made a great leap and used his intelligence 50,000 years agone as found on skeletons found in Australia and New Guinea. Accordingly, the Americans were probably colonized during 11,000 BC which pit to the final stage of the Pleistocene Era and the melting of the ice in the last Ice Age. Chapter 2 details the war between the Maoris against the Morioris in Polynesia as early as 1835 in the Chatham islands and.Polynesia during that period has contrastive set of climates, geography, resources and semipolitical and social conditions which lead to less diversification of human populations to be able to adapt in their environment. Chapte r 3 details the conquest of European Francisco Pizarro and his men to capture Atahuallpa, the Inca emperor at Cajamarca, Peru in 1532. The superior weapons and their armor which were made of steel and the horses and cavalry pushes the natives out of their place while the Europeans brought along with them diseases much(prenominal) as smallpox and eventually infected and killed another native emperor of different tribe.JD pointed out that mountain of dominant culture has the fore intimately advantage over those who are less in technology and political organization as the Incas does not call for. On Chapter 4 of the book, JD significantly emphasizes the importance of agriculture to propel the development of a fragile society because with the increase of food production there is a room for population to grow larger and stronger. Enough supply of food can sustain slew to be to a greater extent(prenominal) vigorous and organize themselves without resorting to violence to survive.An o rganized society can form political government to foster its people against conquest such as JD pointed out. In chapter 5, the author describes the technology of calibrating sites for food production by naming sites and crops suitable to grow in their environment while in chapter 6, 7 and 8 discusses his boldness the possibility of converting native courseers into agriculturist because of degeneration of vicious games and carnals in their environment. He said that there are already great varieties of plants and animals that can be domesticised and cultured and there is no need to hunt for food for a family to survive.JD gave an example in chapter 9 and 10 the success of the Indians in domesticating animals and prevents the extinction of stupid animals in their forest. He said that breeding animals is one of the nearly accepted principles in domesticating animals that even wild species of animals can be bred in captivity. But this depends on the adaptability of animals with t he climatic conditions on trustworthy locality. Lack of animal adaptation means limited domestication and cultivation of animals and plants.The New World on the other put across is located on a tropical zone therefore people have more well-situated climatic conditions as compared with the Eurasian countries. However, major infectious diseases or what JD calls killers of humanity mainly comes from animals men domesticates. He said that small pox originates from cowpox, flu from pigs and ducks and tuberculosis from cattle. These are only few of the negative blow on the cultivation of livestock by man that even people in the cities are not safe from certain diseases as they kept animals as pets.Industrialization gave man endemic diseases because he attracts root carrying pests and we now have yellow fever, hookworm, bubonic plague and many other diseases transmitted by pests. humanness also is a carrier of pest and diseases to his fellow human such as the body lice, sexually tran smitted disease and other human infections. The following chapters introduced the origins of writings in early period of Mesoamerica and most part of Asia. JD significantly highlights necessity as the mother of foundation and the invention of writings lead to the invention of the technology and then to arms for weapons and destruction.He said that the introduction of technology was also the beginning of civilizations to colonize other civilizations, destroying their population and their culture. The author also reviews the societal form of organization on a certain level which starts from the smaller faction or the band. The band is composed of people that are usually colligate by blood, nomadic in nature and have one ethnicity and language and no more than 5 to 80 people bonded together to be form a small society.The tribe, however has more people with fixed community, one ethnicity and language but being led by a loss leader in a societal form of government such as tribe in New Guinea and Australia . The collection leads to chiefdoms and then to a larger extent which forms the state. The state have more than 50,000 people living in various villages, class and residence-based relationships. They also have more than one language, have modify bureaucratic government levels and politicians to man the government, the law and the state.States have also their police and militaries to protect its citizenry against injustice. This was discussed on chapter 14. Chapter 15 to 16 depicts the Australian and New Guinean climate where Yali belongs. These two countries were formerly united as one large mass of land but separated because of the effect of large body of urine 10,000 years ago. The following chapters discuss how China became the China of today which brought by forced unification of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC.Continuous fighting and dominance of Asian ethnicities in old China produces mixed races of different Asian origins but came up to have one traditional language which is the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Among these languages is the Mandarin. Chapter 17 is explained by JD on how the islands of the peaceful were able to be colonized by the Asians who arrived in New Guinea around 40,000 BC. This Asian group composes the ancestors of Philippine Negritos and formerly called the Austronesian.Their migrations began from China, reached Taiwan and then the Philippines at around 3000 BC. Those who came to Sumatra and Java became the Malayo-Polynesian while those who arrived in Northern New Guinea and Samoa became the Samoans. JD reviews on chapter 18 the factors which led to the European conquering Americas. The Europeans are better in food production, domestication of animals, producing metals and weapons, organization of armies, transportation and communication and solid political organization which the people of early America lacks.The people of the New World such as New Guinea, however are more primitive and backward and lacks ca pabilities to organize themselves. This was the reason why the Europeans or the Eurasians have been able to ramp up their colony in their nation without conflict and resistance. And finally chapter 19 discusses how the people of Africa came to be blacks. Accordingly, in the front era, North Africans were whites who resemble Middle Eastern and Europeans and speak Afro-Asiatic languages.The pygmies or small black African people are mostly confined to Central Africa but were outnumbered by indigenous people. The blacks occupy only most of the Saharan Africa but extended their occupancy to the East coast to Cape town. From there they began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals and expand largely in numbers. The epilogue of this book answers Yalis question on why whites have been so successful with their trades and always have larger cargos compared with the locals on a shipping trade comes to conclusion.The book answers his question by chapters and details. The effect of geograph ical formation and the environment clearly emphasizes the commencement of dominance by the Eurasian whites. Dominance factors illustrates the capability of the Eurasian to domesticate plant and animals better than the people of the New World, the travel of their technology which also sped up the rates of migration and their concrete population and size of their continents enable them to migrate and search for more opportunities to other continents.Furthermore, JD wants to search further with his study to come up with more variables that could defend his theory. He believes that he can only do this through natural historical experiments that need to be researched. These film the history of human societies which are always intricate to understand than the lost dinosaurs of the old world (McGoodwin). take in Cited McGoodwin, Michael. Jared Diamond Guns, Germs and Steel. (2000). April 10, 2008 .

National Initiatives Essay

Many national initiatives have been developed everywhere the years as society becomes more progressive and tolerant, the results of these legislative regulation at every direct from international law all the way down to individual practice policy have an gear up on anti- racist practice in health and social c be systems figures and fundamental and regulationEuropean Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950Article 14 in this convention concerns discrimination and prohibits discrimination establish on many different factors such as Race, Sex, Age etc. It also can pop off to protect against discrimination of different sexual orientation and legal rights of people under national law. In terms of Health and social care and anti-discriminatory practice this Article is very important as it sets the grounding for a non-discriminatory Health a Social care System. This article states in essence that by and broad everyone has the right to be treated without world discrim inated against for any illogical reason such as a person not being treated because they mentally Ill. It should mean also that more health professionals cannot be hired based on discrimination from the employer against other applicants. E.G a dental practice picks a flannel applicant over an Asiatic Applicant based purely on their own prejudice against Asian people.Sex Discrimination Act 1975This act dictates that men and women are protected by law from being discriminated against on the bases of their sex or marital status. This act gives men and women the rights to the same level of treatment by health professionals and to attain the same positions as one another. This makes a more diverse workforce and in health & social care which is a diverse environment, this is a good thing.Codes of Practice and ChartersCodes of practice are enforced by individual practices and Healthcare Centres, These are all similar in most esteem but usually are specified to the practice itself. For e xample a Dentist and a hospital for the mentally infirm will have different codes of practice due to the complete difference in patient, treatment and the overall healthcare plan. But this shows just some of the benefits and uses of practice codes in healthcare as it allows room for maximum patient care. These codes of practice however generally address what is considered to be discrimination in the practice and what sanctions follow if any of these codes are broken. This helps to ensure that all employees are sure what discriminatory practice is and this allows no excuse when discriminatory practice is carried out by and employee.Organisational Policies and proceduresOrganisational policies and procedures affect discordant things in health & social care including positive promotion of individual rights, advocacy, staff development and training, complaints procedures, confidentiality.Promoting individual rightsIndividual rights cover a large range of rights and good organisationa l policies cover the protection of these against discrimination. Peoples individual rights in the health and social system mustiness be protected against any aggression on them e.g. their personal beliefs.AdvocacyAn advocate is person who stands in the place of and speaks for someone who is not able to represent themselves, e.g. an advocate for a mental patient or a child. This person is responsible for said person and should only act in their best interests. Advocates countenance anti discriminatory practice by giving a voice to those without one, stopping discrimination based on escape of social ability.Staff development and trainingIt is essential that staff are trained properly in anti-discriminatory practice, this allows them to develop as professionals with a duty to uphold the rights of individuals and to work against discrimination where seen.Complaints procedures and confidentialityComplaints procedures must be followed up quickly and efficiently as any possible discr imination must be investigated and also that complaints processed properly can make for improvements in the delivery of healthcare. Patients confidentiality must be kept at all times as any illness is private to whomever has it. content initiatives are in place for a reason, practices are still working every day to promote anti-discriminatory practice, the idea to produce an equal, quality and efficient healthcare system that works for everyone is still not a complete reality but with more initiatives and good practice it could be.