Examining The Concept Of Green Economy Environmental Sciences Essay

Examining The fantasy Of verdancy Economy purlieual Sciences EssayNature is crucial and worthful for us and it is our responsible to keep primary(prenominal)tain it. By this, jet stintingal system is an parsimony when we ar matter toed on the milieu, non al unmatchable on the m wizardtary. Supporters of this branch of frugals atomic number 18 concerned with the milieu and believe that actions should be wearn to protect nature and encourage the positive co-exis decenniumce of both homo and nature. viridity frugality is when gracious needs, earth hooeys and world of work flummox the harmonious interaction with separately other. park economists assert that the basis of both frugal decisions should be in some office tied to the ecosystem.The economic developing and the environmental friendly be the tradeoff amidst each other. The solely preservation that crowd come forward eliminate the trade-off between this trade-off is kilobyte economy. The effo rt to eliminate this trade-off needs human creativity, dreadful of fel wiped out(p)ship and a good involvement from completely people and not still from our g everyplacening body. park subvert economic emphasize the creation of positive alternatives in altogether atomic number 18as of life and every sector of the economy. This effort needs a immense assume from private and public sector. Green economy alike eject be defined based on triple commode disceptation which is the environment sustainable, social just and stable economic activities. Environment sustainable is mention intimately the s machinecity of raw material. The scarce material should be exercisingd wisely and the environment should be protected. and then, tremendous cogniseledge and creativity of the human being is involve. The supporting systems besides moldiness be considered. Socially just is about considering our social life allow prompt our economic and it will direct affect our environment . Social, economy and environment is a strong connection in effect to carry by means of a great and harmony life. It is the human being responsibilities to soak up a good commonplace of living without damaging our environment. Our economics is generated by the human being, so it is our tariff to concern from every aspect. compute 2 Triple bottom linePrinciples of the Green EconomyThe world already comes out with ten normals on the Green Economy. The principles touch on every aspect that takes into account in economy. The first principle is the primacy of implement value, intrinsic value and quality. This principle is the chief(prenominal) of the verdancy economy and this principle see the honey oil economy as the service economy. It takes into account on the final node who receives the harvest-tide. In the result, the customer gets the product correctly and it did not affect the environment. Human needs and the environment condition is the major aspect that blue jet ec onomy must achieve. The main purpose is to satisfy the human needs. What you get, that is how much you must pay, that is the suitable to identify about this principle. Equal pay is to reflect on the ex miscellanea that we already get, for example if we make some product, we must not consider it worth but withal on the cost of environment.The second principle is the avocation infixed flow. This principle tells us that the economy process is not moreoer walk alone. It comes with the environment as the complement. The economy must build the boundaries in pronounce to be f variant to the environment. A firm fag maximise their profit, but they similarly must smirch the contaminant.The third principle is the be adrift must equal to the food. We must minimize our untamed in order to stabilize our environment. We john produce non-toxic product in order to minimize the impact to our environment.Appropriate scale is considering on the activity of the economy. It is not speci fy that we must takes into account on the only the large firm. We must alike see the small firm which there also gives large impacts to our environment.Green economy also needs the participant and direct democracy. In order to build flexibility and sustainability, participation from all people is important. The definition of participation is the creativity and the efforts in build the healthy economics process to achieve a soaring growe and deprive environment.Besides that, human creativity and tuition is also needed to achieve the unripe economy standard. Of lam the machine and applied science in gullible economy is pricey, but is human have the creativity in manipulate and think on the delegacy to achieve color economy, the world can easily practice green economy.The next principles ar the diversity which tells us that there are mix factor that affect the ecosystems. So, we must analysis all the factor in order to get the best result to take care of our environment. tout ensemble the factors are connected each other, so we must master all the aspects.Self-Reliance, Self-Organization, Self-Design is the complex systems necessarily rely on nested hierarchies of intelligence which coordinate among themselves in a kind of resonant dance. These hierarchies are built from the bottom up, and in contrast to civilizations social hierarchies although these local and regional domains must be attuned to larger processes. Self-reliance is not self-sufficiency, but facilitates a more flexible and holistic inter dependance.The strategic subroutine of built-environment, the landscape and spatial design is the last principle that we are going to touch. We can achieve the perfect result if we can arrange the right steps to achieve the green economy. Our government must also play role in order to minimize the taint in our production. The quality and the effectiveness is important to recover all the do in our economy.Benefits from green economyEradicate mend icancyPoverty body a major spherical concern, despite impressive reductions specially in East Asia. A alteration to a green economy can contribute to eradicating poverty by across a range of primaeval sectors. These potential green economic sectors are including cultivation, forestry, fishery, and irrigate management. These sectors especially the agriculture sectors are particularly important for the lamentable in developing countries beca employ they are depending on these sectors as major sources of income. This is especially critical for subsistence growing because nearly1.3 cardinal people depend upon it for their livelihoods (UNEP et al. 2008).Investing in greening agriculture benefits the distressing in terms of secure livelihoods. The investment in the natural ceiling and ecosystem services will increase the poors income opportunities through increased yields and creation of invigorated green jobs especially in rural areas. They will also gain other social and en vironmental benefits from the direct use of ecosystems. The Bill Melinda render Foundation have awarded $15 million for the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa to work on the effort to the farming techniques that are both environmentally responsible and highly productive, foc employ primarily on small-scale farming in sub-Saharan Africa (Garthwaite, 2009).harmonize to the recently launched UNEP Green Economy Report, for every 10 per cent increase in farm yields, there has been a 7 per cent reduction in poverty in Africa and more than 5 per cent in Asia. Evidence suggests that the operation of green farming practices has increased yields, especially on small farms, between 54 and 179 per cent. (Herren, 2011)Furthermore, a green economy can alleviating poverty and ameliorate overall quality of life by increase find to staple fibre services and infrastructure. For example, Re unusedable power technologies like solar and wind power, and accessory cypher policies promi se to make a significant component part to better living standards and health in low income areas, particularly to those that currently wish access to capability.Create green jobA global changeover to green economy will create large numbers of green jobs in some economic sectors that embroils re radicalable energy, buildings and construction, transportation, basic industry, agriculture, and forestry and indeed can become an engine of development. Current green job creation has so far occurred close toly in authentic countries and in some of the rapidly developing countries much(prenominal) as Brazil and China. Green Jobs are also beginning to be seen in other developing economies.(Institute, 2008)Bangladesh has a determine to train local youth and women as certified solar technicians and as repair and maintenance specialists. This is aims to create some 100,000 jobs. At the same period, in India, an initiative to replace inefficient biomass cooking stoves in lodge mill ion households with more advanced ones could create 150,000 jobs. It now appears that a green economy can generate more and better jobs everywhere and that these can be decent jobs. (Institute, 2008)Pew (2009) state that the number of jobs in Americas emerging clean energy jobs in the clean energy economy grew at a go onic rate of 9.1 pct era traditional jobs grew by only 3.7 percent between 1998 and 2007.This newspaper has count across all 50 states of the actual jobs, companies and venture capital investments that supply the growing market get hold of for environmentally friendly products and services.Climate change has damage the livelihoods of millions, mostly poor people in developing countries. Sectors consuming large amounts of energy and natural resources are likely to see a decline in jobs. So, transitions to new opportunities and sustainable jobs and incomes are urgently needed for those impacts. In some countries, especially in the developing countries, new jobs bein g created in the food, agriculture and recycle sectors as a result of modality change and environment give-up the ghost are the desired and considered new decent. (Institute, 2008)environmentally-friendlyGreen economy describes sustainable growth that is environmentally-friendly, sensitive to the need to conserve natural resources, and minimal emissions during the production process, and promotes environmentally-friendly lifestyles and expenditure patterns while growing the economy.While meeting the industrial needs of one state to produce their service and commodities not only local environmental disturbances are created but the environment of the other states is also affected. This is mostly determine in Developed Countries (DCs) and much more due to the greed instead than the need factor dominant in less developed countries (LDCs).The environmental crisis need for deep reform of production and consumption patterns especially the DCs that are rich in resources and able to tra nsform into green economy.The green economy can help in compact the befoulment by the green waste, green building, and green transportation and so on. For instant, by green waste that turning waste into a resource and encouraging the reduction, reuse and recycle of waste, significant gains can be achieved in decoupling waste production from economic growth. Besides that, investment in green transport that means to use more public transport than use own car and car pool with others to reduce emissions of ampere-second dioxide and other greenhouse torpedoes.Greenhouse gas emissions by more than a quarter and deforestation in developing countries, is one of the biggest drivers of climate change and a major threat to sustainable development. Thus, wind, solar and other sustainable renewable energy could provide almost a third of all global power needs and this energy could reduce those greenhouse gases and could be almost fully halted.Generate preventative societyThe green economy as a means to give rise living standards and emphasize environmental friendly will also better health and s rise up up-being for all segments of society. This will generate a fitter future generation.By shifting toward greening economy, the future of engine room is most definitely green. With the rising energy costs and the threat of global warming, many businesses are now recognizing the benefits of using technology to reduce carbon copy whole tone and also to minimize waste, while giving a positive expiration to their business. (SME Corporation Malaysia, 2011) The field of green technology is continuously evolving various methods, materials from technique for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products (SME Corporation Malaysia, 2011).One of the example of greening product is Natura paint from Benjamin Moore is an odorless interior paint. This paint has zero VOC colorants which is the organic fertiliser chemicals that will affect the environment and human health. The o ther example is the poly milk whey wood finish from Vermont Natural coatings uses recycled whey protein which is a by-product of the dairy farm industry a binder. This helps produce this low-odor coating that has no toxic lowering metals and low VOCs. This diversity will change the daily of society gradually. (Automattic , 2008) minify waste and in competencyGoing to green economy will lead to resources efficient. a good deal of the problem with conventional agri heathen, manufacturing and other industrial practices are stems from inefficiency and waste. For example, the inefficiency of energy, the waste of the physical composition and material, usage of the expensive chemicals though natural methods are more practical(a) and unsustainability of conventional farming methods over the long-term.Eliminate waste and increase efficiency are critical parts of a green economy. Green solutions can save much for the cost. There are a few examples of economic and cost-efficient changes. (Cosmato, 2010)Hemp fibers are more sustainable and less expensive to grow than cotton.Hemp news report is more eco-friendly, sustainable, and longer lasting than paper made from wood pulp.Save on paper and packaging by sending documents online.Use more eco-friendly packaging, and less of it.Wood from sustainable forests should be used to replace the unsustainable forest over the long-term keeps the price of beat under control because resources not be depleted.Using less irrigate in textile production will save on water and energy costs.The manufacturing sector can saves money and reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contamination by using fewer chemicals. Using natural soaps for cleaning, natural dyes, or looking for natural instead of chemical solutions to problems also helps.Making workspaces green such as energy-efficient light bulbs, solar lighting and heating options, using recycled office supplies and recycling office supplies, can help in reduce costs and waste.The enor mous opportunities of separating waste generation from GDP growth also can be highlight, including what is recovered in recycling. For examples, the Republic of Korea has enforced regulations on products as batteries and tyres to packaging like glass and paper, through a form _or_ system of government of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). This has triggered 14 per cent increase in recycling rates and an economic benefit of $1.6 billion. Besides that, Brazils recycling already generates returns of $2 billion a category. At the same time, this country has avoiding 10 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions. (Nazareth, 2011)Opening up of new export marketsA shift to a green economy will also generate economic benefits. One of the obvious potential benefits to a green economy is the opening up of new export markets. exportation opportunities exist in all sectors of the green economy. The significant new markets are biofuels, and for renewable energy technologies such as solar pa nels and wind turbines. ( Ocampo, 2010)Opportunities in these markets are driven by contend in export markets, a combination of foreign charter and domestic capacity development in response to stringent domestic environmental standards. Germany is currently the top exporter of green products with a 16 percent share of the multinational trade volume, followed by the US which is 15 percent and lacquer which is 9 percent. Denmark is the largest exporter of clean energy technology, specifically wind turbines. (Globe Foundation, 2010)Malaysia Services Exhibition (MSE) 2010 spotd Malaysia has an excellence, reputation and skill in the rapidly growing green technology sector. In juncture with this exhibition, Publication called Malaysia Excellence and Capabilities in Green technology was also launched. Embarking on green renewable energy provides the opportunities to Malaysia export new market. (MEEC Unit, 2011)Perspective of others countries toward green economyIn the first prepa ratory meeting for 2010 conference, there is the believe and interactive exchange between developed countries and developing countries on their scene about green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication.In the views of Spain on behalf of the European Union, green economy is a relevant, timely and politically challenging theme. It emphasizes the private sector role, the right price setting and the right of social policies. It stresses on the cooperation between countries and the support to green economy strategies such as promotes the renewable energy, use and management of sustainable resource.In the perspective of Mexico, green economy is a new model. However, it should not cause the change in the agenda, approaches and options respond to the challenges that has not solved by community in terms of sustainable development. Mexico said that it is critical for developed countries transfer technology that can moderate the degradation of environment an d support the implementation in developing countries.On the other hand, the United States recognize that transition to a green economy was the only way forward. It also recognizes that the means of green economy and the methods implemented will vary from disparate countries. According to United State, countries should embrace green economy as a new awakening instead of resist it and introduce various initiatives for green economy.Japan has touted its Hatoyama endeavour and outlines some of its action related to green economy. The Hatoyama Initiative is a national carbon-regulation scheme that announced at the Copenhagen Summit in December 2009 by Japans former Prime Minister, Yukio Hatoyama. This initiative targets a 25 percent cut in global warming emmisions below 1990 levels by 2020.Korean also shared its experiences with green strategies. It said it has invested 2 percent of its GDP on green development to move towards low carbon growth. It said that green growth is about solvi ng climate change problem aggressively and making green technologies and industries to drive to national economic growth.In the perspective of In dosia, green economy is a vehicle towards a sustainable development. According to Indonesia, the global economic crisis occurred recently has shown that some problems in the method their current and past economic development. This provides them an opportunity to redesign national and global economic policies and strategies toward the implementation of green economy.Besides, according to China, the green economy has recently become a critical trend. It stress that countries must carry policy measurement for green development. The operational mechanisms are also needed to achieve development virtuously which characterized by economic and social development in harmony with resources and the environment. Then, the harmony interaction between man and nature, preservation and creation of ethical value for environment in social and economic val ue is also important to change the mode of production and life style. Furthermore, the international community also play role to create an change environment to achieve green development. (Ling Iyer, 2010) From the countries perspectives, it is obvious that majority agree with the transition to green economy.Malaysia perspective and policy toward green economyMinistry that has responsibility and concern about issues of green economy in Malaysia is under Ministry of energy, Green technology and water. Malaysia needs face these phenomena because of climate change has become one of the biggest international challenges in the 21st century. Malaysia also face increasing total of carbon dioxides emissions this will lead to increasing in temperature and Malaysia become hotter than before. Below show total carbon dioxide emissions at MalaysiaTable 1 Total C0 2 emissions Malaysia at years 1971 until 2008YearCO 2 emissions (million tonnes of CO 2)197112.7197516.1198024.2198533.4199048.9199 578.52000111.12005152.82006158.12007169.92008180.9 point of reference internationalistic muscle self-confidenceTable 1 showing the increasing total carbon dioxides gas emissions in Malaysia at years 1971 until 2008, this all because of Malaysia now day more focus on manufacturing sector. As we know manufacturing sector will contribute on increasing of carbon dioxides such as smoke from factories. An addition, overcrowded of transportation in urban area also will contribute to increasing of total carbon dioxides gas. That why interventions of government are important to protect our environment form damaged and conservation our environment.Figure 3 Total energy production in Malaysia at 1972 until 2008Coal/peatoilGasHydroComb.renew.wastSource IEA Energy StatisticsFigure 3 showing the total of energy production in Malaysia at year 1972 until 2008 which it increases usage of all energy resource. This all because of increasing of populations in Malaysia where demand for energy is incr ease and Malaysia now day focus on Manufacturing were it use more energy to support this sector to success. Useful of this all energy actually will give positive and negative impact, especially use of enough energy is good for our production sector and meet the demand of citizen, but the negative impact is toward our environment and will lead to scarcity of resources. That why, Malaysia government concern about this issues and try to find a way to minimize and resolve this problem.To overcome of these challenges government turns out with three Policies on environmental Protection and Conservation introduced over the years such as belowOn 2002, government approved National Policy on Environment which integrates the three elements of sustainable development they are economic, social and pagan development and environmental conservation. The Policy aims at continued economic, social and cultural progress and provokement of the quality of life of Malaysians through environmentally le gal and sustainable development.Then on July 24, 2009 government has launched the National Green Technology Policy with objectiveI. To minimize growth of energy consumption while enhancing economic development.II. To facilitate the growth of the Green Technology industry and enhance its contribution to the national economy.III. To increase national capability and capacity for innovation in Green Technology development and enhance Malaysias competitiveness in Green Technology in the global arena.IV. To ensure sustainable development and conserve the environment for future generations.V. To enhance public education and consciousness on Green Technology and encourage its widespread use.Four Pillars of Green Technology PolicyI. Energy Seek to attain energy independency and promote efficient utilization.II. Environment Conserve and minimize the impact on the environment.III Economy Enhance the national economic development through the use of technology.IV. Social Improve the quality of life for all.(Malaysian Country peeing Partnership, 2011)Lastly is on 2009 government also launched National Climate falsify Policy. The aim of this policy is to ensure climate resilient development to follow through national aspirations for sustainability.Rational of these policies such as belowI. Changes of climate overtime directly will affect human activity as well as natural systems and processes.II. To give people information, education and cognisantness about green economy, changes of climate and its effect.III. Initiative of government interventions and government effort to take care of people within country.Several initiative undertaken Ministry of energy, Green technology and water to address the challenges of climate change and to pushing for a low-carbonEnergy efficiencyThe Malaysian Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement syllabus represents one of the main efforts undertaken to improve energy efficiency in the industrial sector. This programme showsthat mini stry concern about useful of energy especially on productions and environment. This programme focuses on reducing impacts of the energy sector on the environment and also to improve competitiveness of products and services in the global market.renewable energyApril 2010, renewable energy policy and action plan was effrontery appoved by government. This policy is aimed at promoting long-term sustainability by reducing our dependence on fossil fuels for electricity generation and at the same time stimulates a new growth industry for the country. An additions this policy also important to conserve the environment for future generation and to enhance awareness of role and important of renewable energy, example renewable energy is such as biomass, biogas, mini-hydro and system solar.Green buildingsMinistry was carried out with the Green Building Index (GBI). GBI is perspicacity or rating tool to grade environment-friendly buildings and the Government is providing fiscal incentives to b uildings which are GBI-certified. Owners of GBI-certified buildings are entitled to income tax exemptions, analogous to the additional capital expenditure, to green their building. Buyers of green buildings from developers will also be exempted from stamp duty equivalent to the additional cost incurred to green their building. (Ministry of energy, Green technology and water, 2010)Environmental exercise Index (EPI) Score in 2008RankSource 2008 EPI reportFigure 4 The top ten greenest countries ranks and rating in EPIThe figure preceding(prenominal) shows the environmental performance index in 2008. This index takes not only the pollution index of the country, but it also considered the industry, populations, size as well as the demographic of the country. It considered the issues of environment health such as the excite of disease, air and water pollution and ecosystem vitality such as the climate change, water and air pollution effect from ecosystem.Figure four shows that nine ou t of top ten countries is developed countries and only Columbia is the only developing country. The other developed countries such as Japan and U.S have respectively bedded in 21th and 39th. The relatively wealthy countries have high score in the Environment Health result. In contrast, the developing countries include Malaysia that ranked at 27th score lower than the developed countries. The success of the wealthy country is due to the policy effort and deep loyalty to environmental values through their public and business communities. The developing countries are less in pollution stress and less in access to financial resources when they need it such as nutrition and disease, this lead to the air pollution, climate and change and biodiversity.Recently, the score of EPI in 2010 has also released. But owing to changes in methodologies and underlying data, the EPI score in 2010 and rank cannot be directly compared to 2008 scores and ranks.Environmental Performance Index (EPI)score in 2010Source 2010 EPI reportFigure 5 The top ten greenest countries ranks and rating in EPIThe Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2010 report is the result from a research done by Environment Law and Policy at University and The Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) of Colombia University in collaboration with knowledge base Economic Forum. It is rating ranks 163 different countries according to ecosystem vitality and environment health. The ecosystem vitality include issues such as the climate change, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, biodiversity and habitat, water and air pollution while the environment health take account the environment shipment of disease, air pollution and water.Overall, there are six over ten of the top greenest countries are developed countries. They are Iceland, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, France and Austria. The developing countries ranks in the top ten are costa Rica, Mauritius, Cuba, and Colombia. Other developed co untries like Japan and U.S. rank in 20th and 61th respectively while Malaysia rank in 54th.Iceland is the top greenest country where it is the only countries that score more than 90 points which is 93.5 points. Although it is a developed country, it has high score on environmental public health, coercive greenhouse gas emissions, and reforestation as well as replete hydropower and geothermal energy. This shows that it is effective in the pollution control and natural resources management. According to the Kyoto Protocol, Icelands has obligations concerning greenhouse emission. It must not increase their greenhouse gas emissions by more than 10 percent and above 1990 levels during the period 2008 to 2012 (European Environment Agency , 2010).Costa Rica is the developing countries that ranked in the third place of Environmental Performance Index with 86.4 points. According to some author who surprise with its rank, Costa Rica is a very rough and vastly un estimable country and has a few tourist trap. However, actually Costa Rica has some efforts in green. It is one of the first countries in the world that recognize the economic and social benefits from the environmentally sensitive forestry. There are 26 percent of the Costa Ricas land area are protected forests and more than 50 percent out of bounds for human living settlement. (United Nations Environment Programme, 2010)The United States has very low score at 63.5 points with 61th rank. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution are vastly contributed to its low ranks. But U.S maintains the nations forest sustainability and provision of safe drinking water, this assist it from fall to more low rank.The Japan ranked 20th and score 72.5 points. This is due to Japan put many efforts in the renewable energy because they aware that their big city, Tokyo, emit carbon dioxide has causes the global warming especially. Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) has set a aim which is to increase the proportion o f renewable energy used from the total energy used in Tokyo around 20 percent by the year of 2020. (Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 2006) Besides that, Japan is a world attracter in PV manufacturing.Malaysia is ranked 54th and scores 65 points in EPI. It placed merchantman Japan but in front of the U.S. Malaysias environmental health is 81.31 points over 100 points while the ecosystem vitality is 48.7 point over 100 points. Thus the average is 65 points. The Greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 Emissions per electricity generation, and industrial greenhouse gas emission intensity are the major contribution to the low score in ecosystem vitality and so EPI score.Since Malaysia has ranked 54th over 163 countries. This is a good starting point for Malaysia. By this EPI, Malaysia will aware of its position and encourage more