European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)-Italy Term Paper

European economical and Monetary Union (EMU)-Italy - Term Paper ExampleThe German dominance in the European Union may have caused a lot of trouble in the policy implementation for sparing equipment casualty. More than this, the recent recession is believed to have an impact on the economies of the world. This paper wishes to depict the mission and expression of the economical and Monetary Union (EMU) in creating a direct connection towards the detrimental effects the compact has made to Italy. Moreover, the economic state of Italy go away then be described based on the turnout of fiscal and monetary policies of the country and aline with the trade and foreign investment scheme. The European Sovereign Debt Crisis will then be discussed focusing on Italys experience during the crisis, and the causes of the crisis will also be explicated. Finally, a conclusive remark, which states the general perspective of the researcher, will be sighted in the conclusion. 2.0 Mission and Stru cture of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) The greatest worry that was faced by the European nations centered on how to underframe a fillet of sole market for capital, goods, and services and entities amid Member States that have interrelated economies, aligned with manifold currencies, and inconstant, loose forex rates. The construction of the EMU was an optimum alternative in curing such detrimental European problem (Liebscher). The errands of the EMU are in delved into three significant activities to implement an efficient monetary policy aligned with price stability to harmonize the economic policies in the Member States and (3) to ensure the fluent operation of the sole market . The monetary policys focal objective is price stability. If a nation wants to pass a free-market economy, price stability should be its priority. The Eurosystems prior goal is to sustain price stability because the latter reflects a pre-state of a maintainable economic progress and proliferatin g employment rate (Liebscher 378). The EMU would serve up its Member States about public finances, which are aligned with the meeting of fiscal debt and deficit requirement (379). Lastly, institutional stability is also the target of the EMU wherein Member States are required to undergo institutional reforms (382). 3.0 Economic State of Italy 3.1 Fiscal and Monetary Policies Fiscal policy is the alterations in federal taxes and government expenditure in order to attain macroeconomic goals. Monetary policy, on the other hand, is the action executed by the European Central Bank and the national bank to manage the accessibility of cash and interest rates in achieving goals. Fiscal policy is essential to restrain the prejudice done by the state in terms of deficiency. This policy serves as a barrier for the government overspending, deficiency issues, and restrictions in implementing discretionary rules. When intense military press attacks the economy, wherein monetary policys efficien cy dissolves, fiscal policy can be a furbish up to resolve the pecuniary issues (Liebscher 379). In terms of fiscal policies, there has to be 0.5 percent of yearly ontogenesis of the gross domestic product of the country as stipulated by the reformed Pact (Marino, Momigliano, and Rizza 445). In 1997, Italy had roll up a 1.4 percent of GDP, which was the end of the consolidation proceedings of the 1990s. When Italy was reformed, especially on the accounts of stability and economic growth, the case for the formulation of the policies were stipulated from the event. In fact, the Bank of Italy

Argument for a Current Political Issue Research Paper

controversy for a Current Political Issue - Research Paper ExampleThe rate of unemployment, mortgages, housing, insurance, and manufacturing, among other sectors, ar some of the key areas that affect the U.S thrift. The European colonization between the 16th and the 18th centuries was the root of the U.S history. In 1776, 13 small farming economies integrated themselves to form one, and they formed the United States sparing (Lattimer, p7). The growth of the U.S economy was accredited to high productivity, a legal system which was supportive and the availability of a market which was self-aggrandising and unified. The United States economy is the worlds largest national economy. The $2 trillion difference between its gross domestic product and that of the EU makes it the worlds second largest overall economy.The high levels of capital investment and research, the overall gross domestic product growth rate and the moderate rate of unemployment make the U.S economy to be a mixed ec onomy (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, Bernadette & Smith, Jessica p25). As of 2011, the GDP of the United States was estimated to be about $15 trillion dollars with a per capita GDP of $48,328. The per capita income of the U.S is the sixth highest in the world and this makes it to be one of the worlds wealthiest nations. ... S is extremely active. In toll of market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange is the largest in the world (DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette, & Smith, 48). The economy of the U.S is controversial because any alterations to it volition result to a ripple effect in the whole country. The economy determines the investment, the health care, the education system, the pledge of the country, and every other sector. The economy is the back bone of the country and this is the main reason why it is a political issue that causes controversy and much debate especially during election times as witnessed belatedly in the presidential elections. There are two break offies that are involved in the political scuffle of the economy. These two parties are umbrellas of the interest groups and the key politicians involved the Democrats and the Republicans. Below is an outline of the stand that both the Democrats and Republicans present taken on the economy. The Democrat Stand On the issue of minimum wage, the democrats support a high minimum wage with increases on a more regular basis. The six subject ballot scuttle to increase the minimum wage were all passed by democrats in congress in 2006, a expire that shows their support of higher minimum wages (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, Bernadette & Smith, Jessica p22). Education is also a pertinent issue of the economy. In this case, college education is the central issue. Democrats have a long term goal of providing low-cost college education that has been subsidized by the public for the purpose of lowering tuition fees. This can be achieved by increasing the state funding for student financial aid. The democrats have divergent opinions on the issue of trade agreements. The liberal part of the democrats supports globalization while

Critical Review of an Article on Teachers Behavior to Students Essay

diminutive Review of an Article on Teachers Behavior to Students - Essay ExampleAn educational enquiryer has to start with aggregation of data in an attempt to understand the individuals understanding of the reality using either unstructured or interviews. After data collection, an educational queryer will construct social scientific theories about charitable relations. A major challenge that confronts educational researchers is access to data. Educational institutions are structured in a way that those in authority have the power to manipulate those in lower ranks who may be part of your respondents. In addition, for them to consent to a research, researchers need to give as much information as possible. Where the research involves children, researcher needs to seek permission from the parents (Scott & Morrison, 2007, p. 2-4). This paper looks into an educational article in pastime to evaluate the background signal, strategy, validity and reliability, reflectivity, and qualit y of the analysis. Aims and scope of the research Teachers are kind to those who have good label a study of Japanese young peoples views of fairness and equity in inculcate is an article by Emma Smith and Stephen Gorard, which investigates equity and fairness in schools. The research incorporates a substantial scope of the research and has an objective of adding on to the existing knowledge. It endeavors to educate the audience on the role of fairness in education. Apparently, equity, social justice, and fairness mean things to different people and the research delves into this understanding. Smith and Gorard suggest different meanings to the countersign fairness according to different people. It can mean treating everyone equally, or treating them differently so that the outcomes are similar. patch it is unfair to treat students in the same class differently, Smith and Gorard provoke our thoughts to appreciate situations that may learn the teachers to treat students in the sam e class differently. For example, teachers with child with literacy difficulties in their class will offer circumscribed attention to them (Smith & Gorard, 2012, p.28) Additionally, the research embraces different paradigm necessary in educational research. They include a suffice of interrelated assumptions about the social world that guides the researcher in terms of tools, participants, methods, and results rendering. A good research has three paradigms including ontology, methodology, and epistemology (Mustafa, 2011, p. 24). The research follows the rule of ontology in that it has a good starting point that describes existing claims and assumptions on equality and fairness. In addition, it goes ahead to explain something beyond what is known or assumed. For instance, Smith and Gorard appreciate that not all students can be treated in the same way. Different students have differing learning needs and thus the teacher has to note them and offer quality teaching to each student. A ccording to Riley as quoted in this journal treating students with different needs equally is unfair and encourage rebellious a behavior (Smith, Gorard, 2012, p.29). However, in their scope, Smith and Gorard suggest that students with problems in their class receive much attention than the bright students. This contradicts the purpose of the research, which is to make up if teachers are kind to those with good marks. The overall research strategy This research is qualitative in nature. The research adopted this methodology because English research they wanted to make a comparison with adopted the same. In qualitative research, researchers collect data through close observation and documentation of a particular phenomenon. By using case study, researchers were

British General Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

British General Elections - Essay ExampleYet Brynin and Newton call down an interesting particular that people whose political ideals and attitudes are compatible with the newspaper they read are more than likely to voting than people whose attitudes are considerably cross pressured or go against their own. The study points forbidden that the effects of the newspaper in determining voter choices is significant though not too deep and newspapers effects seem to be greater for penny-pinchingly fought preferences as that in 1992 than in 1997. Newspaper effects are even high for Labour reinforced political support than for conservative reinforced. The study highlights the fact that newspapers do have a statistically significant effect in determining political demeanour of the voters although the influence of newspapers is more conspicuous during close election results rather than in landslide victories. The study besides focuses on the fact that the Conservative press dominate d daily circulation in Britain from 1945-1992 and this may have helped the company to win elections continually and remain in power. The role of the press in voter decision devising process and in consequent determination of election results could be considered as significant especially for close elections and voter turn forbidden is determined by the newspapers and the impact that the news reports has on the electorate. The fact that there has been a decline in electorate turnout in the present British elections has raised concerns and Rallings and Thrasher (2003) point out that poor voter turnout is a long feature in British politics. They discuss the recent reforms and electoral arrangements that have attempted to encourage higher voter participation by reducing cost of voting although the effects of these reforms may not be complete if the voters do not comprehend the appraise of their own voting contri howeverions to the development of the community or the nation. Thus it is important for the electorate to perceive the importance of their vote in shaping the nation and its future and this may be the single most important cistron in increasing voter turnout. Rallings and Thrasher point out that the electors who vote in general elections but not in local contests may be more affected by changes and commitment to local community needs and concerns would help to counter voter apathy. The election results and outcomes regarding winning of elections would be important as a mobilising tool as when local elections seem to bring about changes within the local community, consequently possibly there will be less apathy for the elections and voter turnouts will increase. The turnout to the British general elections of 1997 was at 71% which caused concerns about the long term scenario of political participation in the country. Pattie and Johnston (2001) cater a political analysis of voter turnout and suggest that there was rapid decline in turnout during the 19 50 through 1970 although there has been no long term decline in general election turnout between 1974 and 1997. According to the analysis, close

Environments and Ecosystems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environments and Ecosystems - look for ExampleMost interesting to the ecological properties of the Gulf of Mexico and the manuscript River is that the outflow does not immediately smorgasbord with the salt-containing water, maintaining its fresh-water integrity as it flows with Gulf currents. The st expertness of the river reduces the salt content as it maintains it outflow, thus providing significantly incompatible species of localises and animals not regularly found in the Gulf of Mexico at its deepest and most dense levels. New siege of Orleans is also surrounded by a blend of forest and subtropical vegetation that sustains a widely variety of mammals, ornithological birds of flight, and marshland reptiles that are reliant on the duplicity of these ecological differences and blends. For instance, forest-dwelling mammals depend on the food sources from marshland reptiles, which thus controls population as it relates to egg production and gestation periods in crocodiles and sn akes, as two examples. These are highly inter-dependent systems that ensure a balance in ecology, thus maintaining a part food chain and avoiding negative impact to human ecology. The Mississippi River and its surrounding marshlands also provide winterizing benefits to mid-continental fowls and opportunities for educational activity for non-tropical birds (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, 2002). Some of these species are crucial in other parts of North America for aiding in plant fertilization or reducing certain infestations of unwanted pests in the country. Today, some of these breeding intellect are being impacted by national drought circumstances that are depleting the Mississippi River stack and marshland availability that might have lingering impact on insect volumes or fertilization capabilities of certain indigenous, national plant varieties. Surrounding this blended ecosystem is the human condition, consisting of retail centers, housing developments and scattered subur ban lifestyle. In some areas, especially the Gulf and Mississippi River areas, certain species of plants and animals have become dependent on human infrastructure and have thrived as a result of human social development. At the similar time, vital breeding grounds for certain fish species have been depleted by human proficient restructuring of the flood plain, resulting in lowered populations of certain species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, 2002). This has created more human dependence on the ability of fish hatcheries and breeding systems to repopulate and provide sustenance in the food chain for humans. Additionally, dredging activities in the Gulf and Mississippi River have reduced certain sandbars that were home to clams and oysters that humans rely on for consumption and tear down commercial benefit. Changing the dynamics of river flow reduces, also, the breeding capabilities of certain fish species, reducing population of plant consuming and fish-consuming breeds in the river. This impacts the bird, human and reptilian food chains that currently maintains unknown long-term consequences. globular warming and other climate change, as aforementioned, impacts the viability and volume of the Mississippi River. Outside of the consequences already mentioned, this also changes the dynamics of plant growth and photosynthesis. Increased levels of carbon dioxide provides plants and trees with more vital nutrients, however scientific research has shown that increase carbon dioxide created by global warming alters the root development of large trees. Trees, when

Brand Repositioning of McDonald in New Zealand Case Study

Brand Repositioning of McDonald in New Zealand - Case Study ExampleFor example, involving Sarah Ulmer, a world-class young track cyclist, in McDonalds advertizing campaigns one core communication objective was attainedOther successful communication tools included a comprehensive website - www.mcdonalds.co.nz - providing nutritional facts, promoting road safety campaigns using McDonalds popular clown character Ronald, and support for charities such as Ronald McDonalds Houses which accommodated families whose children were in hospitals.Overall, McDonalds New Zealand market repositioning was re-enhanced positively as a result in terms of a stronger cut-through (i.e. increased consumer recall for both old and new offerings), more positive information of McDonalds brand (e.g. Offers more healthy food options, +42% over November-December 200331% / May-June 200444%), increased attractiveness towards specific offerings (e.g. Salad positively charged and Happy Meal Choice), increased gros s sales (second highest in 27 years over July 2003 - June 2004), increased sales from both old (40%) and new (60%) offerings, and exporting McDonalds New Zealands successful Eat Smart, Be Active program world over.

CV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CV - Assignment ExampleI learnt that my career non only involved working at financial sectors such as banks but also in the unified world.When I asked the interviewee about business administration, he said that it is made up of three levels. The setoff one is the top level management made up of board of directors and the CEO. The second one is the in-between level management made up of branch managers, junior executives, and departmental heads. The third one is the glare level management that is made up of supervisors and foremen. However, the opinion of the interviewee on the business administration in the corporate world was that it kept on changing. Therefore, any person in the three management levels had to be active and creative. When I inquired about what exactly employers look for in a fresh fine-tune, Mr. Upel Gamage said that a graduate should have good management skills. Upon being put for probation as cashiers, employers identify rational and critical thinkers in te rms of management, and separate them from the rest. When I asked him about what I can do to make myself more marketable in the corporate world, he said that I needed to have the world under my feet by having as much information, dynamism and creativity as possible apart from undertaking my course subject. Therefore, get attachment in various corporations was of paramount importance in obtaining information and experience. The most outstanding challenges of the barter were the fact that one had to perform because success was measured by statistics.I would like to register my grave gratitude to you for accepting my interview. The brief interview I had with you has brought a total turnaround in my life because it has acted as an eye opener in my career life. I truly appreciate the fact that you spared some beat off your busy schedule and you gave me priceless guidance. Just as you told me during the interview that

The Prescott High School Regression Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Prescott richly School Regression - Case Study ExampleRegression psycho summary, however, offers a more reliable analysis of the consanguinity between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The analysis develops a model for the relationship and tests the following guess. HO HSGPA =SATSCORE =RECOMENDATION= 0, there is no significant relationship between the dependent and the independent variablesHA any of the s, There is a significant relationship between the dependent and the independent variablesAppendix 7 shows the ANOVA results and from the results, the alternative hypothesis is significant for the general model (F=19.3151, p= 0.000 0.05). The model further explains a significant proportion of the data, 48.65 percent, establish on the adjusted R squared value. Appendix 8 shows the results for coefficients. The intercept (t= -1.69, p= 096) and quality of earn or recommendation (t= 0.87, p= 0.383) are not significant while high school scratch (t= 2.66, p= 0 .01) and SAT total score (t= 3.97, t= 0.000) are significant. Running a regression analysis with the significant variables yields the results in Appendix 9. The results in Appendix 10 show a significant relationship between college GPA and both high school GPA and total SAT score. The intercept is not significant but coefficients are and the following model represents the relationship.The model that includes only significant independent variables is die in predicting the scores because it eliminates effects of the other variables that can be attributed to error.

Any topic of your choosing from the study of law enforcement Research Paper

Any topic of your choosing from the study of law enforcement - Research Paper ExampleAs such, they oftentimes apprehend criminals who are a menace to innocent citizens (Goldstein 12). This sparks hatred between the criminal gangs and natural law shooticers. In this situation, criminal gangs decree that constabulary officers impart be vulnerable when they are off play. This is partially owe to the fosterion from other officers while at work. Similarly, police officers are vulnerable when they are off work since they are not armed (Stering 33). This makes them an easy target. A number of cases have been reports where police officers are attacked at their place of residence. This is a challenge they face owing to their involvement in law enforcement. They are targeted since they hold in the activities of criminal gangs. Police officers are considered one of the most rendered government officers. The stress levels in police officers increase owing to the indulgence in their wor k. They are required to work for long hours since they have to protect the nation throughout day and night (Forbes, 54). This booster cables to limited hours of sleep. This affects their lives, even when they are off duty. For example, their sleeping phase is frequently distracted owing to the scope of their work. At times, the police officers are required to report on duty at night. As such, they often feel fatigued and tired. This could affect their family life. In most cases, police officers have families, which need their support and care. Consequentially, with such working conditions, the family support and care is jeopardized. The families have to persevere with such conditions, as it is almost impossible to rectify such a situation. In bizarre instances, it leads to neglect of the family since they do not have ample time with the family. The family could feel neglected since the police officer, who has a family is hardly subject for the family. This leave increase the str ess levels of the police officers as they could have a guilty conscience. Police officers will often have stress concerning their job. As such, they would like to relieve their stress with the easiest possible means. Apparently, controlling stress to manageable levels is an indulging activity that needs time and dedication (Stering 19). For example, visiting a therapist will consume time and finances. As such, they revert to using alcohol and drugs. This behavior starts as a honest-to-goodness solution to an incumbent problem. However, it exceeds to become a problem in itself. When the officers are drunk or graduate(prenominal) on drugs, they will have ease as they have solved some of their problems. Unfortunately, they get employ to the behavior of using drugs and abusing alcohol most of the times they are stressed. This leads to addiction. This further deteriorates the situation as they appear on alcohols and drugs in solving and relieving their stress. As a fact, solving such a situation will require intervention from concerned parties. Bizarrely, some of the concerned parties do not have the time to weigh on the problems of the police officers (Raymond, 41). As such, they will continue with such behaviors. This ruins their life especially when they are off duty. For example, they will have to look for additional finances to sustain their alcohol and drug consumption. This will lead to uncouth behavior including corruption. Police officers are often dispatched to places marred with chaos, war and fighting between members of a society (Goldstein 23). At times, this is not a welcoming scene. Police

Marketing case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

trade case study - Assignment ExampleThere atomic number 18 numerous speculations suggesting that e-commerce is the best thing that invariably happened, however, about scholars seem to differ with this statement (Microsoft Corporation, 1999). This paper will look at both sides of the situations and some of the e-commerce platforms that are available. Online Shopping It is one of the popular means of e-commerce across the globe. The sellers commonly create an online storefront, which is equivalent to a retail shop. The buyers will then have to buy products by clicking on to the things they want (Langer, 2002). One of the broach online shops is Amazon.com. It is still one of the famous online destinations around the world. Electronic Payment It is vital for one to understand that goods that are usually bought online are usually paid for by online salary (Microsoft Corporation, 2000). They usually use payment gateways and payment processors. This method of payment has been refer red to be convenient as the mailing and writing of checks has been reduced or toss out (Meier & Stormer, 2009). It has also ensured that there is safety among payment where notes are usually involved. Online Auctions One of the famous online auctions is the eBay. The physical auctions are nowadays predated by the online auctions. However, the online auction targets a large market clientele of sellers and buyers (Langer, 2002). The online auction has been reported to usually give rise to ridiculous pricing of products. This has made them to have legion(predicate) customers as they find it raise and challenging when compared to the regular storefront shopping. Internet Banking This practice has reduced the number of sight congesting the banking halls as mint can transact all the banking operation in their own comfort (Singleton, 2001). Online banks give room for wire transfer, exchange and buying of products through the Internet. Online ticketing This includes movie, train, air and sporting tickets, which are purchased online. The booking process makes it easy for buyers as they will not scramble for them at the shops or at the gates of the event (Meier & Stormer, 2009). Many batch hate the idea of queuing and this gives them the opportunity of avoiding it. The classification of e-commerce is based on the type of individuals participating in the process. The firstborn type is known as the business to business type of transaction. This involves the parties that are organizations or businesses (Risdahl, 2007). They include traders, retailers and manufacturers. The other type is business to consumers. This type of transaction is available around businesses that normally sell their products online to the end users or consumers (Langer, 2002). Finally, the other type of e-commerce is referred to as consumer-to-consumer type of transaction. This idea has been adopted from the earliest means of trade of butter where people exchange goods for goods (Raisch, 200 1). The process allows individuals to exchange properties that they do not want with those that they need online. Advantages of E-commerce The Internet has been recognise to be a market that has booming business (Drapkin, Lowy & Marovitz, 2001). Technological advancements have made it easy for many people can access the Internet. This means that there is a lot of exposure and many people can now access to e-commerce activities (VanHoose, 2011). Individuals are striving to ascertain that they utilize the Internet in the conduction of their daily affairs. Therefore, this means that more people are exposed to

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macrostintings - Essay ExampleBriefly identify and explain trio methods intended to win economic product for the typical firm in Hong Kong. Currently, various methods are being enacted by the government to encourage economic growth of the. These include Adoption of free trading market policies Free markets have increase exports resulting in an increased revenue and surplus trading balance that increases the gross domestic product, overall. Modern technological & labor furtherance Boosting the technological sector has not only resulted in grooming of Hong Kong as a financial hub except has also increased the quality & quantity of production which has upgraded the manufacturing sector. Increased adoption of technology has improved the work of labor, considerably. Adapting limited taxation strategy to attract Foreign Direct Investment Limited-tax policies, upgraded infrastructure and lenient internalization procedures has played a major role in attracting Foreign Direct Investmen t. This capital inflow has not only increased revenue but has also decreased the unemployment level. Foreign Direct Investment is a major contributor to prudences growth. ... ic growth is encoraged by productivity promotion, in unison with the supply side of the economy, then there will be an increase in aggregerate supply as well as aggregerate demand resulting in a non-inflationary growth. Briefly describe capital of Singapores economy (background, GDP, growth rate, etc.) Singapore is an open, trade-oriented economy which has a corruption-free government, skilled work-force, highly developed infrastructure with a unassailable manufacturing sector mainly lead by electronics and biomedical manufacturing industries. GDP (2009) $182.23 billion GDP real growth rate (according to IMF 2009) negative 1.3% GDP real growth rate (according to CIA world of fact book 2010) 14.6% Per capita GDP (2009) $36,537 In 2009, the manufacturing sector with 26.3% and services sector with 69.1% has boo sted Singapores economy. Briefly identify and explain three methods intended to encourage economic growth for the typical firm in Singapore. Following are few different method being used, to increase the economic growth for a typical firm in Singapore. Shifting towards service oriented economy Growth in the service sector increases the growth of overall economy. Financial services facilitates investment while telecommunications and power generation services helps to run a prosperous market economy. Birth of efficient-markets Establishment of efficeint markets, where prices are determined by supply and demand with few restrictions on trading of goods and services and adoption of free trade has increased healty competition, resulting in significant increase in exports and surplus balance of trade which ultimately boosts the economic growth. Approbation & implementation of business friendly policies Singapore Government has adapted business friendly policieswith a

Environmental theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental theory - Essay Example?s discreteness requires not identifying hotshotself (or ones own interests, or indeed humanity or humanitys interests) with wider nature, and recognizing that wider nature is not merely an extension of human culture (i.e., its material resource). Similarly, liberal political ground requires accepting neutrality the level of the justification of principles of justice one should not expect them to enshrine ones own conception of the good (1). With nature considered to be something existent unto itself, it must be considered at bottom the framework of political liberalism.Having presented his argument and attempted to make it clear, the author then moves on to explore what he means more fully regarding ecological justice. This process starts with a more thorough exploration of what it mogul mean to take a non-instrumental view of nature and how to consider what it would mean to respect natures otherness. Essentially, he describes nature as other as something independent of, or not determined by, the significances attributed to it, and the modifications do to it, within local landscapes (2). While he acknowledges that this is an imprecise definition, he also makes the case that it is precise abundant for the purposes of his argument. To determine what it means to respect natures otherness, he then presents what he terms 3 fundamental truths that must be kept in mind. The first of these is that ideas of awe and humility must be given priority over concepts of arrogance and superiority over nature as it simply exists. This suggests that earth should maintain a respectful distance from the idea of nature by avoiding making any depict demands on it. This includes making any attempt to put its resources to meeting human consumption demands or to affect it as an object of human adoration. The two additional truths include the No Teleology Thesis and the Autonomy Thesis, each of which assert the concept

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

focusing history - Essay ExampleThe decisions to a fault help in reducing cost that a company incurs in day to day activities. The second bingle is by assisting the direction in controlling and directing the operations of the company. A company that has salutary organised activities achieves efficient use of resources, (Chandler, 1977). The third one is that the tuition motivates employees and managers to achieve the targets set. The targets are set in a participatory manner and, therefore, every worker has their views interpreted into consideration. The fourth one is by measuring the performance of every aspect in the art, for example, employees, managers and departments. The last one is that the competitive position of the company is gauged. This ensures measures can be taken to increase the companys long run competitiveness over others in that particular industry. The note thus controls a large portion of the customer share which ensures high profits. Management via a ccounting is so crucial today because managerial accountants are main(prenominal) members of any management team. Managerial accountants play an important role of providing strategic decisions as well as day to day decisions. The decision making process is complex and requires specialists from management accounting as well as other financial disciplines. The day to day operations would be very expensive and exhausting if management accountants do not blueprint them in advance. This is what makes management via accounting very important in modern business enterprise. These enterprises use the accounting and statistical information to ensure the smooth running of business activities. Business activities that are well managed lower the internal cost of running a business. It also ensures intensive use of resources in the business thus avoiding wastage. The business is also sure that customers pay for their goods and services in time and that suppliers deliver stock and are paid when due, (Capa Centre For Aviation, 2013). Management by using accounting is a field concerned with the efficient use of data from accounts. The managers of a company or business organisations use this information to help them make decisions that assist them to better manage and control resources, with the end polish of increasing the profitability of a company, (Kieso, 2005). The use of accounting data to manage a business is often confused to be financial accounting. This is not true because of several aspects that are related to management accounting information. The first aspect is that management accounting information is forward looking. This means that managers use data to plan for the future and determine how they can control situations that seem will be bad for the company. Managers can also use this data to improve situations that appear will be favourable to the company. For example, if managers predict a original good gross sales will increase by 50%, they can employ mo re sales staff to increase the sales to 60%. This is an example how management via accounting can serve as a good tool to increase the profitability of a company and ensure that it becomes a multi-national business. otherwise managers use historic information to make decisions that will affect the company. This approach might be faultless but not as effective as that from management via accounting, (Dameri, 2013). The second aspect that mangers use from management accounting is the assurance with which a plan made using management accoun

China Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

China - Assignment ExampleThe emperor created an intricate bureaucracy which they utilize to wage imperial wars, perform public works projects and to build large temples.During the Imperial era, the states were centralized though local officials maintained limited autonomy. Artisans and self-sufficient peasant farmers ruled the economy during this period. Business was relatively keep going and it increased after the Han Dynasty after Silk Road was developed. During this period, there was an emergence of large-scale businesses and advancements in applied science. Developments in technology were marked by the invention of paper, wheelbarrows and the seismograph.The Late Imperial era brought an economic revolution in China. With proficient advancements, there was a rise in large-scale enterprises, waged labour and use of paper money. Trade in the overseas flourished during the Ming Dynasty. Liberalisation of capital, investment and commerce took place as technology continued to adva nce. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, there was privatisation of government manufacturing industries. There was also emergence of urban and rural markets, whereby there was production that was gear towards consumption. The emergence of these markets was a key development during this era (Hampton & Moss, 2004, p. 37-42).Power distance refers to the extent to which people who bring on less powers in an organization will expect and accept power to be distributed in a different way. China is ranked 80 on power distance which is very high. This rank way of life that there is a big power distance between the subordinates and the management. However, that is acceptable and considered normal.Individualism is where people phone with a mentality of I or We. For the American culture for example, it is mostly I focused. It therefore federal agency that the Americans focus more on furthering themselves and their careers versus furthering their departments or groups. China is ranked at 91 on individualism. It therefore means

Summarize the legal characteristics of personal property, real Essay - 3

Summarize the legal characteristics of personal property, real property, and bailments - Essay exercisingIn the situation given, the wall may be considered a fixture if Eve and Frank or the previous owners at that placeof who sold the same in their favor, put up the fence with the intention of placing it there permanently. This may be determined by any or all of the following considerations (i) materials used in the fence and (ii) nature of business being conducted in the real property/land.If the materials used were light so that it can be easily destroyed or transferred, the owners thereof may have intended to crystalize the fence as personal property because the permanent character cannot be seen thereof. However, if the materials used in construct the fence were strong such as concrete or steel, it can be easily inferred therefrom that the intention was to treat the fence as real property due to its permanent character.Also, the intention or purpose for building the fence m ay be gleaned from the nature of business in the area which is warehousing. Apparently, warehouse is supposed to be guarded to keep the contents thereof safe from burglars and robbers. Thus, it is quite logical to come to an end that the fence may have been built by Eve and Frank for the sole purpose of fine-looking protection to the warehouse which is within the area. The business of warehousing cannot be conducted if there will be no fence to safeguard it.Sometimes, a thing starts as personal property but by recidivate of time and change in needs of the owners or distinguishies involved, the same transforms into a real property. In this case, if the fence was built prior to the warehouse, the fence may have been previously treated as personal property. However, upon gimmick of the warehouse, the fence may have ripened into a real property because it became a necessary part of the warehousing

The effects of war on a soldier Essay Example for Free

The effects of war on a soldier EssayWar exit never be pretty or fun. It will always be gruesome and will cause the loss of many lives. E genuinelyone grieves over those lives that were lost, exclusively what closely(predicate) the people that live? What about the people that be in the military hospitals who are now amputees? How about the ones that have psychological problems? What about those who have physical and handstal issues? People are often not informed of this. One type of a mental disease is known as PTSD, there is a cause, effects, and treatment to this often carried war disease. Through out history, war has been defined as a order of open, armed, often-prolonged conflict. We have fought in these many wars over such things as oil or different beliefs. A good example would be the World War 1. Most wars the men where young, ranging from ages of eighteen to twenty-six. These are the men that got these two terrible disorders. These are where the most terrible psych ological issue occurred, Post Traumatic accent Disorder (PTSD).The two terrific disorders PTSD and Shell Shock, may have some similar symptoms, but have completely different effects and long-term issues. PTSD results from exposure to an overwhelmingly stressful face or series of exits, such as war, rape, or abuse. It is a regulation response by normal people to an abnormal situation. The traumatic events that lead to PTSD are typically so extraordinary or severe that they would distress almost anyone. These events are usually sudden. A good example of how a somebody would get this disorder from war would be seeing your friend world killed, being in the trenches excessively long, and possibly the constant artillery bombings.This entire trauma that they experience will have a hammy effect. The amygdale, a structure in the brain, is part of the limbic system that is involved in the expression of emotion, especially fear, increased heart rate and blood pressure, the startle respo nse, and emotional memory. It is said that with long-term exposure to these traumatic experiences your brain functions are changed or altered. The area of the brain that releases chemicals to cope with stress releases chemicals like opiates. Since the subject is repeatedly exposed to this trauma, this part of the brain goesinto overdrive and keeps producing these chemicals even when it may not need them. These chemicals are hazard of causing some of the symptoms of PTSD.Dissociative states, flashbacks, intrusive emotions and memories, nightmares and night terrors avoiding emotions, relationships, responsibility for others, and avoiding situations that are reminiscent of the traumatic event often occur. Exaggerated startle reaction , explosive outbursts, Irritability, panic symptoms, and sleep disturbance also occur. These are all the symptoms of PTSD. As you can see, there are vast amount of signals or signs that people reveal who have PTSD. Men who have PSTD caused by war, have s howed more of the hyper arousal and intrusive symptoms. The reason is that you enounce all the time about how war veterans have flash back and how they are startled very easily.There are many types of treatments along with drugs they can take to help cope with this disorder, one being psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is used to help the dupe confront these painful memories to which the memories will no longer touch the way they live. There are certain steps within this process where the therapist walks the victim by dint of the trauma and help he/she understand the feelings. Another type of treatment is EMDR, is eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Supposedly, stimulating rapid eye movement helps the victim cope and process the traumatic event. This is usually added into psychotherapy, it is rarely used alone. Along with these two treatments a lot of pharmaceutical agents are used to help the victim cope. For example, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and anti-anxiety age nts can be used. Overall, PTSD is somewhat treatable but most likely the victims are passage to lapse into another psychological disorder.

Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management Essay Example for Free

Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management EssayEvery organization, regardless of size, has developed and implemented its own precaution concepts in order for it to run smoothly and sue the vision, goal, and documentary, the company has set forth. The basic functions of wariness go off be broken down into four different argonas, allowing the organization to handle the strategic, tactical, and operational decisions (Sanjau, 2007).The four functions of management are essential to building strong team ups and stronger organization. Common to all managers, the four functions are provision, organizing, leading, and check withdrawling (Pakhare, 2007). A legal manager is able to accomplish all four functions both effectively and efficiently (Bateman Snell, 2009). At Triumph, planning is the foundation in which all management decisions regarding the company result be based upon. The management teams exit utilize the planning function to assess the status of th e company today, as well as in the upcoming future.Once the management team has an agreed upon plan, and the companys mission has been established, the team must(prenominal) determine how the desired results will be arrive atd. The next objective is to establish a goal and the strategies to achieve the goals set forth. After setting the goal the next step the management team will accomplish is to create a time line to even up love the objective. The organizing function for the team at Triumph is to germinate the activities, which will include the accounting department, sales department and supply chain involved in dower reach the goal that has been set forth.Once all the different departments are set, it is up to the management team to departmentalize the process and create smaller groups to achieve the goals and objectives. Once the departments create their own teams a clear organizational structure is drawn and all employees are made aware of whom they are accountable too t o inspection and repair reach the goal of the company. Once the departmental teams are in place, the management team can function direct, communicate, motivate and assist the staff in meeting the companys goals and objectives.At Triumph the management team will have open discussion with departmental teams to create and build positive running(a) environment. In this process the employees feel as though they are part of the decision making and will ultimately help the company reach the desired goals and objectives. The final stage of the four functions of management is to control or establish the performance standard of the companys objective (Bateman Snell, 2009). In this stage management keeps a close watch to make sure that all teams are on track to complete the goals and objectives that have been set forth and within the timeline.If at this point, it appears that adept of the teams seems to be off track thusly management will step in and help guide or make any necessary chan ges. The managers at Triumph know that ignoring any of the four functions can result in the failure of the company. Without using the planning stage first to make sure that all objectives are met and then organizing the plan and leading or motivating the team will result in not obtaining the objective or goal of the company.Managers at Triumph know that the final stage of creating an effective and productive team, one must control the budget, departments and cost efficiency of the work implemented to achieve the objectives. According to Barnes (2008), if one can master the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and coordinating of resources, their opportunities are endless

Interventions Case Study Essay Example for Free

Interventions wooing Study EssayThe causal agent study chosen is closely Sean which comes from chapter 7 in the Crisis Intervention reason Book. Sean is a 19 year old sophomore who is currently on disciplinary probation for getting in a fight during freshman year and breaking the other students jaw. Sean admits to drinking and also smoking marijuana since amply discipline and occasion all toldy on campus. Currently Sean was brought to the emergency room by a conversancy afterward passing out on the lawn at a beer party. His friend had seen that Sean vomited all over himself and would not wake up. His friend then called 911 and an ambulance came. At the emergency room Seans stomach was pumped and a blood test shown an extremely high level of inebriant along with marijuana and oxycontin. Seans case is considered a medical crisis because if his friend would of left him there Sean could with stalling choked on vomit and died.Crisis componentsSeans case starts off as a med ical crisis because of the circumstances Sean world unconscious and having an extremely high blood alcohol level. In this case if Seans friend would have left him on the lawn mentation he was going to let him just sleep the situation could have arrive critical. Mevery individuals preempt vomit or aspirate while intoxicated and could possibly die of asphyxiation especially when they become unconscious or un up to(p) to wake up. The individual should be brought to a hospital immediately where they eject be observed and treated. Sean combined three different substances that night which included alcohol, marijuana (THC), and oxycontin. This is a lethal combination, which could have ended in Sean being in a coma or possibly all the resembling death because of this Sean could be considered suicidal. It was also mentioned that Sean had alcoholism in his family and it can be genetic. Sean admitted to not being able to assure his drinking and not remembering what happened the night before. This is a dangerous aspect ofdrinking.Intervention strategiesWhen Seans medical crisis was stabilized, he was evaluated and began speaking with a counselor. When speaking to the counselor Sean admits that, he does not remember what happened buy the farm night or how he came to be at the hospital. He remembered being at the Sigma house and contend a drinking game around 1000 pm and did not remember much after that. He even mentioned a story about drinking when he was in high school. Sean was actually worried that his p arnts would find out and that they would make up him come home. He seemed to be very nervous about not conditioned whether his parents were called or not. Sean admitted to smoking marijuana before the party. He also stated that a friend gave him oxycontin. Sean mentioned that his father was an alcoholic and used to come home all the period drunk, which caused tension between his father and mother. His father would come home slurring his speech, approach shot home buzzed or sometimes not coming home at all.His father learned AA meeting and he no longer drinks. The counselor asked Sean if it would be okay to set an ap destinement for him at the outpatient middle(a) at the medical center, which Sean seemed willing to do anything to watch in school. The counselor also agreed to meet with Seans parents to discuss the plan they have do to make it easier for Sean to confront them. on that point are other intervention strategies that could have been provided such as a support group that Sean can be involved in with other students who are in the same situation as Sean or who have been there. When trying to stop drinking, peer support groups can be an invaluable source of guidance, assistance, and encouragement. Groups are very helpful, not only in maintaining sobriety, still also as a safe place to get support and discuss challenges.Connecting with others who know first-hand what youre going through and through can help reduce feeling s of isolation, fear, and hopelessness. Staying motivated and positive is much easier when you have others you can turn to and tip on to help you get through tough times. It would also benefit Sean to join a school club or sport. Sean would feel part of a team and can spend extra time practicing and keeping busy instead of drinking. If Seans drinking escalates then he may need to attend weekly AA meetings. Sean could also look into changing dorms to one that I think the last draw would be moving back home and getting away from the partying environment. His parents couldgive him support and he would have a safe place to come home to after classes and on the weekends.Strategy to implement changeThere is not much that can be done to change someone who doesnt believe they have a problem and who doesnt want to change. However the university that Sean attends could set a new insurance to make changes within the school and students. It seems to me that there are many parties which include drinking, and drugs on school spot and any plans would have to include limiting drinking on campus and in the dormitories, a strong drug enforcement polity and disiplines when these policies are broken. A strategy could be for the school to ban excessive partying to the point where people are passing out and are in danger. It can be impossible to eliminate partying all together, but there can be rules such as partying must not proceed past 1200 on school campus. On an extreme level the university could put a ban on all alcohol on campus and enforce it strictly.They can put students on an academic probation, or even acquit them altogether if found with drugs, or alcohol. If authorities are involved which would include a student being brought to a hospital from drugs/drinking that person will be banned from living on university property if continued. This can eliminate the amount of partying and the level of partying going on. It can even come to a point where a student may be kic ked out of the university because of multiple warnings. This can promote change to the campus and the students knowing that the university does not support drug abuse, or alcohol abuse. The university would have to take a strong stand and enforce these rules for them to be successful.In conclusion there are many aspects that would qualify Sean as an alcoholic. Sean cannot control his drinking and will not remember what happened the night before. Sean has had drinking altercations in the past. He also admits to utilize marijuana and other drugs such as oxytocin. Seans counselor set an appointment at an outpatient center and agreed to meet with his parents to discuss their plan. Further interventions such as support groups and AA meeting may be necessary if Seans drinking does not decrease. To implement change the university may need to add policys that relate to drinking on campus and partying. This will help students like Sean who may struggle with alcohol and other drugs.Reference Cavaiola, A. A., Colford, J. E. (2011).Crisis intervention case book. Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Mexican Americans and Presidential Elections Essay Example for Free

Mexican Americans and Presidential Elections EssayThe linked States has generally been a achromatic acres in its history. However, in 1914, the country was plunged into earth War I after being arouse by many attacks. One of many small attacks included accidentally sinking a joined States ship that was exporting goods to other England. After the sinking of the Lusitania, once the worlds largest ship, by German U-boats, the United States leaders knew it was time to join the war. Shortly afterwards, United States intervention helped the Allies, mainly France, the United Kingdom, and Russia, barricade the war, but the country ended up many lives, around one and only(a) hundred- gibibyte. While casualties were low in the United States comp bed to other countries, the country still did not want to suffer more losses. Therefore, the United States went into a state of isolationism follo make itg World War I. After 25 years of peace, a second war, World War II, became another promi nent issue for the United States. Like the first war, The United States was again create into war. On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, killing over two thousand civilians. Unlike the first war, the United States decided to quickly join its allies after the bombing kinda than waiting to be attacked multiple times.The country again plunged into war, but this time, it was in the war for a a lot larger period of time compared to the first war. As World War II was a longger war compared to its predecessor, more soldiers were needed to fight. With more soldiers needed to fight in the war, many peck had to allow for work to defend their country. This meant that jobs would keep back many open positions, and this wasnt good for the economy. In order to submit the spots, the United States invited Mexican Americans to fill in the jobs that had been neglected due to war.The architectural plan that was then started was the Bracero Program, which was a program start ed in 1942 to hire temporary workers from Mexico until the war ended and the people bring rounded home. Soon, over one hundred-thousand contracts were signed to arouse more Mexican American workers to work in the United States. After the war ended, many of the Mexican Americans were deported back to Mexico. However, because they had a taste of having a real job with real benefits, many wanted to return the United States.Therefore, after World War II had ended, many Mexican Americans began to immigrate to the United States, thereby raising the Mexican American world. With a slowly increasing Mexican American universe of discourse, there give be more semi policy-making influence in that group. Specifically, as time progresses, the Mexican American state will accelerate in developing, exponentially raising their political influence. This research paper aims to determine how the political influence of the Mexican American group has changed from 1960, when the universe was not gr owing so quickly, to 2012, when the population growth is more prominent.Because Mexican Americans were given a taste of America, many of them wanted to come to the United States as yet after being deported. Because the Mexican American voting dowery was low in the 1960 presidential election, one could assume that the Mexican American voting wouldnt affect the election, but with Kennedy taking by such a narrow margin and with a large dower of Mexican Americans that voted for Kennedy, he won by the narrow margin because of the Mexican American vote.The election was extremely close with Kennedy winning by a plurality of only 144,673 votes (Schmal). Kennedy got skilful enough votes to surpass his incumbent. Due to the increasing amount of Mexicans coming into the country and being able to vote, more Mexicans were able to vote for Kennedy although it was just enough for Kennedy to win. Also, Kennedy, who received or so 85% of the national Hispanic vote, was able to barely squeeze a victory by having Mexican American supporters (Schmal).With such the limited number of Mexican American voters, Kennedy having the majority barely helped put him ahead of Nixon to win the election. So in the end, without the Mexican American vote, Kennedy could buzz off lost that presidential election he could have lost thousands of potential votes due to the 85% of the Hispanic population that voted for him. One can see that the forepart of Mexican American voters helped Kennedy win his election, but Kennedy didnt exactly try to gain the Mexican American vote through his policies.What this means is Kennedy didnt single out a specific group of people to help in the United States. All of Kennedys policies were intended to help everyone no matter what race, gender, or religion you were. The Mexican Americans that voted for Kennedy, therefore, simply liked his course for the nation. In more recent decades, the Mexican American population has transgressed. According to the Pew Res earch Center, in the decade from 2000 to 2010, the Mexican-American population grew by 7. 2 zillion as a result of births and 4.2 million as a result of new immigrant arrivals, so we know that more Mexican Americans are populating the country from births (The Mexican-American Boom). This also means that throughout the 1940s to now, more Mexican Americans have been populating the United States in order to have more births take place in the United States. Also, this 11. 6 million total increase of Mexican Americans is only comprised of newcomers. Compared to 1960, there was quite a large number of Mexican Americans in the United States during the 2012 presidential election.Also, according to the United States Census, the total population of citizens is 262,856,643. Knowing that the population that is able to vote and the Mexican-American population, one can assume that the vote of the Hispanic population is crucial for the victory of a candidate. With a large Mexican American populat ion, there is, of course, more political influence from the group. However, Obama and Romney had distinguishable strategies when it came to appealing to the Mexican Americans.One major thing Romney said was that had my father been born of Mexican parents, Id have a better shot of winning this in a secretly recorded photo in the home of a private donor for a fundraiser (Llenas). He clearly believes if he were Latino, winning would be easier for him. This obviously offended many Latinos, and anyone who is offended by someone would think twice about voting for a man who has a demeanor that basically offends oneself. Romney saying this considerably hurt his campaign with regard to the Latino vote and, subsequently, the Mexican American vote.These types of comments are very sensitive because many are proud of their heritage and background. Even if not many Mexican Americans were offended, other citizens might have entangle bad because Romney did not want to be part of his own race. Al though it might have been a joke, a candidate must watch his or her public image at all times. However, Obama took a different approach with the Latino population. Obama knew the Latino vote was crucial, and he even stated I will just be very blunt.Should I win a second term, a big reason I will win a second term is because the Republican nominee and the Republican Party have so alienated the fastest-growing demographic group in the country, the Latino community (Abdullah). Obama is showing that he knows how big of an influence the Mexican American voters will have. Obama also knows Romney made a mistake when he did vigour to appeal to the group. Whats more, Obama also issued an act the DREAM Act. This Act allowed illegal individuals to reside in the United States so long as the individuals are working or going to school.Because Obama was more sensitive to the Mexican American population, Obama easily got the majority vote for the Mexican American population, leaving Romney in the dust, and the results of the whole presidential election show this Obama won the election. Millions of Mexican Americans voted with resounding 71 percent support for Obama because Obama has shown patronage to Spanish people (Siegel). By empathizing with the Mexican Americans, Obama clearly showed he cared more about them than Romney. With the presence of Mexican American voters, Obama easily won the 2012 presidential election.One could see that during this presidential election, the Mexican American voting destiny for the nation was less than three percent. However, if one was to look at the Mexican American voting percentage during the 2012 presidential election in the United States between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney, it would be around twelve percent. Thus, the percentage of Mexican American voters has been increasing throughout the years therefore, Mexican Americans have more influence mightiness because more are coming with more political power for the group.Comparing the 19 60 presidential election to the 2012 presidential election, one can see big differences. First, the percentage of Mexican American voters in 1960 was a perfect 3 percent compared to the rather large 12 percent in only 2010 while the population was still growing due to more births (Schmal). From this, one can conclude that the Mexican American vote in 2012 had more influence on the presidential election than the 1960 presidential election.Whats more is that Kennedy, the victor of the prior election, had not done much in order to get any Mexican American votes while Obama clearly had policies, like the DREAM Act, passed to help with the percent of Mexican American votes he had. Therefore, by comparing these two presidential election results and statistics, one can see that with more Mexican Americans voting, its imperative for the presidential candidate to sway the Mexican American voters in order to have a better chance of winning the election.

Ralph and Jack in The Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Ralph and dirt in The Lord of the Flies Essay interrogatory 1There are a figure of speech of deflections and a few similarities between Jack and Ralph. First of on the whole the master(prenominal) similarity is the fact that both(prenominal) boys are roughly the same age. Then furthermore, there is the fact that both pf them are boys. In auxiliary their share the quality of leadership, or in other words both of them have the abilities to be a leader. Then on the other hand there are the numerous differences they in clued different modal value of leadership, different believes, maturity, and the symbol that they represent. Jack and Ralph have a very different style of leading.Ralph has a elective leadership and Jack is more of a dictator figure. Then furthermore, there is the difference of believes, Jack believes that the main objective on the island is to hunt and Ralph believes that it is to be saved. Then there is the maturity, Ralph is more farm that Jack. And the la st difference in the symbols that these characters represent, Jack represents the bad side of human nature and Ralph represents the good side or democracy.Question 2Piggy represents intelligence and thinking. This idea is proven through out the whole book, until his death. Fist of all there is the fact that because of Piggy the boys were able to create the fire. The secondary, idea is the fact that Piggy acts very mature through out the book. He is even more mature than Ralph. Piggy comes up with ideas that not a single other boy had though of. For example there is the fact that Piggy though of the sundial. what is more there is the idea that Piggy constantly reminds Ralph of their objective to the island, and which is to be saved.

Duckett family Essay Example for Free

Duckett family EssayThe current trend of journalism organizations to look at screaming journalists like Nancy fancify and others is a disservice to the Fourth Estate and threatens the very notion of a free press. pad and others of her ilk are not treaters seeking the news for its value to the superior general normal nor are they straining to inform. These confrontational entertainers are more interested in high ratings and controversary than in the news. Furthermore, their lack of general kind-hearted compassion is en jeopardying the entire profession. Never is this more clear than in the case of the family of Melinda Duckett vs. CNN and Nancy dump. In September, 2006, Melinda Ducketts two- course-old son was reported missing and Duckett agreed to appeared on Graces show in an sweat to promote the manhunt for her missing child. Grace was belligerent and in the womans face, screaming at her because she would not discuss her where nears when the child disappeared and accu sing the woman of having something to do with her childs disappearance. (Smoking Gun, 2006). Ducketts son has yet not been found, but a day after the audience with Grace, the woman shot and killed herself with a shotgun.In the days following Ducketts death, Grace not only aired the original interview trounce the distraught woman, but she went on the nightly news herself, defending her interviewing techniques. Former prosecutor turned let the cat out of the bag show host Nancy Grace is unapologetic about her aggressive approach to a mother who pull suicide after an interview about the womans missing son, ABC give-and-take reported (Nancy Grace says misdeed). Grace showed no human compassion for the mother in the interview or in the days after her death.Drawing on her history as a criminal prosecutor, Grace attacked in a manner more appropriate for a courtroom than a newsroom. That is not to say that reporters should not contain tough questions, but they should not browbeat an interviewee and speak over them as is reported Grace did. Reporters surrender a responsibility to seek out the news not make it. In her attacks on Melinda Duckett, Nancy Grace went beyond the level and stepped back into her prosecutorial role, attempting to find the criminal. How is that questioning doing anything but making a person in a desperate situation feeling blush more desperate? verbalise Hub Brown, a professor at Syracuse Universitys Newhouse School of Communications. (ABC News) Grace defended her unrelenting questioning as a serach for truth and say police later agreed with her that Melinda Duckett is a suspect in her sons disappearance. What police actually said was that in a child disappearance, the parents are always the initial suspect. Almost a year later, Ducketts son has still not been found. What has happened, however, is that Grace has edit all legitimate journalists in danger of having their rights revoked due to her drive for ratings.In November, 2006, the parents of Melinda Duckett filed a lawsuit against Grace, CNN and Ducketts estranged husband who helped arrange the Grace interview (Smoking Gun). And, in June, 2007, a Florida court ruled that the case had merit and would be tried in federal court because the participants reside in multiple jurisdictions ( notion in). By bringing this charitable of unwanted spectacle to the media, Grace is causing a chilling effect that will lead to fewer mess wanting to cooperate with the media and could ultimately lead to a restriction in the rights of journalists.Her lack of basic human compassion is more relevant than whether Melinda Duckett killed or abducted her own son. The role of the media is not to determine the truth, but to report that truth after it has been exhibited by others. While some investigative journalists might argue this point, the reality is that even investigative journalists do not draw their own conclusions about the news. They search for facts and report them. Na ncy Grace took facts not in evidence and applied them to the Duckett case, making herself judge, jury and prosecutor of Melinda Duckett without giving Duckett the benefit of a defending team attorney.Grace, however, insists her line of questioning was reasonable. In an exclusive interview with Good Morning America today, Grace said that she takes no responsibility for Ducketts suicide. If anything, I would suggest that guilt made her commit suicide, Grace told ABC News Chris Cuomo. To suggest that a 15 or 20 minute interview can cause someone to commit suicide is focusing on the wrong thing, she said. (ABC NEWS) Graces attitude in the wake of Ducketts suicide is another black eye for the face of journalism.Her unapologetic accusations against the dead woman seemed to fence that she believes her questioning was appropriate even if it did contribute to Ducketts death. Her claim that even the police agree with me (ABC News), does little to redeem Grace in the eyes of the general public. quite, she is seen as so concerned about her ratings that she would put them above human safety. That attitude seems to be in evidence on her webpage. Grace actually advertises for crime victims to call her show and become part of the entertainment value of the news (CNN.com) Though she places her calls for tips in the good example of helping crime victims seek justice, her show advocates her Cross Exam and her prosecutorial drive to find the answers to crime. If Ms. Grace believed that root out crime was her calling, she should not have left the prosecutors office for the media. Her style of journalism is an insult to those who attempt to keep the Fourth Estate free of bias and predetermined opinions. Instead, based on her experience, Grace makes judgments calls about peoples guilt as she did with Melinda Duckett and reports the news based on her interpretation of events.She had an exclusive interview with the mother of a missing child, a child police still presume to be alive. Instead of carefully crafter questions designed to help authorities and the general public find the missing boy, Grace decided that badgering Melinda Duckett would mean better ratings. For the sake of the industry, one can only hope that the Duckett family attorneys cannot eject that greed and not news was Graces motivation. If they prove that she sought ratings over the truth and hence did contribute to the death of Melinda Duckett, the chilling effect on all media will be extreme.Her unreasonably virulent questioning methods place all media attempts to get to the truth in danger and violates the most basic principle of the Fourth Estate to inform. Nancy Grace has no intention to inform the general public of anything the day she interviewed Melinda Duckett neglect for her own conviction that Duckett was responsible for her sons disappearance. This kind of action has no role in journalism, but belongs in editorial and opinion pages, not disguised as news.WORKS CITEDABCN ews. com. Nancy Grace says wickedness Likely Made Mother Commit Suicide http//abcnews. go. com/GMA/story? id=2448050page=1 , June 24, 2007. Nancy Grace Homepage. http//www. cnn. com/CNN/Programs/nancy. grace/, June 24, 2007. Ruling Made in Duckett-Grace Case http//www. local6. com/news/13533994/detail. html? rss=orlpnpsp=news,, June 24, 2007. The Smoking Gun, Nancy Grace Sued for Wrongful Death http//www. thesmokinggun. com/ scroll/1121061grace1. html ,, June 24, 2007.

The problem with public relations Essay Example for Free

The difficulty with exoteric dealings EssayBudd and Ruben (1988) stressed that the absence of data sources signals mass medias inevitable declension and destruction. Once and for exclusively, instruction is medias main (product). Thus, it is pretty impossible for media organizations to deliver such (product) if there is an unornamented lack of supplier. PR is therefore instrumental in incuring medias existence and survival. PR departments of commercial enterprise establishments grass supply industry-based news program and stories. Likewise, regulatement agencies utilize PR to increase the publics awareness nearly the governments projects and endeavors. Similarly, it can be noniced that advocacy and interest groups capitulated on public dealings to voice out their views and opinions. However, while it is true that public dealings aid the media in satisfying the food market for information, it cannot be denied that PRs sole purpose is still grounded on the princip le of building promotional material and creating massive media exposure. The marriage of press releases and news items authorize it too difficult and confusing for the public to pass on intercourse plain news materials from press releases. The implications of the above-mentioned scenarios are pretty compelling and cannot be readily ignored.For one, the colony of media organizations on PR departments as news sources raises question regarding the quality of news production. For one, media practitioners are trained and expect to conduct heavy research and collect different news sources to ensure accuracy. Relying on a iodin source is a cardinal sin for many journalists and broadcasters primarily because news items essential ensure that all angles of the story are presented. Relatively, this also served as a challenge to the degree of professionalism practiced by individuals that practice in the media.Data gathering and verifying information are essential routines in news produ ction. This pith that journalists and broadcasters are expected to go out of their comfort zones and look for socially relevant topics that serve the publics interests. The notion that media practitioners should develop a keen eyes for details and nose for news, imply that media outfits must exert effort in providing news rather than merely sit and wait for PR handouts. unless more than anything else, this bit readily surrenders mass medias freedom.Mutual connections of news organizations and PR departments manifest medias subtle suppression and independence from the powerful influences of external environments. Indeed, PR departments, due to its strong links to business organizations, governmental agencies and even advocacy groups, now has the upper-hand in the overall process of how news is produced and delivered to the public (Fitzpatrick Bronstein, 2006) . gulp on Dahrendorfs idea of power legitimacy, business establishments and government agencies have the authority to tra nsform news materials into mere promotional or propaganda copies (Slattery, 2003).These actors are strong positioned in the social strata that grant them a superb grasp of influence. The uneven distribution of authority and rule (Slattery, 2003) readily legitimizes the position of business organizations and government agencies in the social, political, cultural and legal hierarchy. PR subsequently becomes a tool for control and manipulation via exerting pressure to deform and fabricate news items. It is important to note that media outfits are also business endeavors that depend on profiteering to sustain their survival. Profit, in the media context is measured by high ratings and wide audience reception.But this can be only achieved if newspapers and tv programs alike have enough information to offer for public consumption (Craig, 2004). It is the informationthe news stories that function as lifebloods of the media industry. When PR departments become involved in news making, t hey are very(prenominal) much capable of withholding data and information that leaves journalists and broadcasters at their mercy. This is most especially true in situations wherein corporate reputation is very much at stake. In these times, media practitioners must exercise neutrality and objectivity.However, neutrality in this case does not work well for PR. One must readily take sides. What happens thusly is that journalists and news anchors are compelled to transform press releases into (well-researched) news reports that simply explain the sides of the put oned party. However, a nestled look into the matter shows that these simple explanations are no less than defense mechanisms that are pursued to nurture capitalistic aims and orientations. Other business organizations would even push media practitioners to exaggerate press releases and resort to sensationalism (Whitaker, Ramsey Smith, 2004).On the other hand, government agencies can impose legal sanctions to influence news coverage and to a certain(a) extentsilence media groups. These institutions can very much exercise censorship to dismantle medias detailed stand. This situation is highly evident in communities governed by extremely authoritarian regimes. Likewise, if government offices fail to tuck favorable media attention, they can create their own media system and thus capitalize on PR. Nowadays, it is not too much of an extraordinary thing to see government agencies publish their own newsletters or newspapers (Franklin Murphy, 1991).A deconstructionism of these media contents clearly show that campaign materials are readily expressed as news. Yes, these copies may well increase the publics awareness. But news, in the truest sense of the word, is not self-serving. Apparently, this scenario manifests a blatant handle of freedom of expression. However, press releases are also exploited by other media practitioners. This can be specifically observed in journalists and broadcasters who are active members of advocacy groups. Their ideological beliefs may very much mediate with the focusing they handle news stories.Biases may occur in treating subjects that have differing opinions and perspectives. There are instances wherein released statements of their respective(prenominal) groups are customized to look like news items. But then again, no matter how noble the intentions are, this does not erase the fact that the public is deceived and mislead. The inability of media individuals to distance themselves from their respective affiliations is a subtle and unconscious way of placing more PR content in news items. The agenda-setting model states that mass media in general have the ability to dictate and redefine the audiences perception (Botha et. al, 2007). brisks organizations, regardless of the ethical standards that govern broadcast, print and online media can tell the public which issues should be considered important and which should be immediately dismissed as irr elevant. The agenda-setting function of media is manifested through giving focus and emphasis on particular subjects (Botha et. al, 2007). When certain events or personalities regain much media attention, the public is made to believe that these are important. It can be observed that majority of released news items are mainly concern on few large-scale issues.Yet, it seems that there is diversity in newspapers and television news programs. But the truth is, these issues are simply dissected and articulated from different angles. exoteric relations officers know this very well and PR agencies are readily capitulating on these situations (Burns, 2002). Even though it is a common practice for news producers to identify news angles, this has been nonetheless, abused. Consequently, this scenario is also instrumental in the prevalence of unethical practices in mass media. These include biases, data fabrication, inaccuracy, and conflicting interests.Under this context, news and media in general becomes a tool of the elite to retain their positions in the social and political ladder. Media becomes a hegemonic machine of the ruling class. This situation further reaffirms Althussers argument that media is part of the so-called ideological state apparatuses or ISA (Fourie, 2007). Conclusion PR is indeed, a good source of news stories. However, there should be a clear distinction betwixt press releases and news items. Media organizations must assert their independence and autonomy from certain groups that could very well affect news production.It should be always remembered that providing relevant information is not synonymous to creating praise releases. Ethical practices in the media must be strictly observed. The publics demand for information should not be sensed from a business-oriented view. News stories are not commodities. The public needs to know because the public needs to make a decision. Media, more than anything else is accountable to the public, not to PR agencies. Reference List Benkler, Y. (2006). The Wealth of Networks How Social output Transforms Markets and Freedoms. Connecticut Yale University PressBotha, D Chaka, M du Plessis, N Krause, B Rawjee, V. P Porthen, D Veerasamy, D and Wright, B. (2007). Public Relations Fresh Perspectives. Cape township Pearsons Education South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Budd, R. and Ruben, B. (1988) Beyond Media New Approaches to Mass Communication. New Jersey Transaction Publishers Burns, L. (2002). Understanding Journalism. London Sage Publications Ltd. Clear, A. and Weideman, L. (2001) Dynamics of Public Relations and Journalism. (2nd ed). Cape Town Juta Co. Ltd. Craig, G. (2004). The Media, Politics and Public Life. North South Wales Allen UnwingDavies, A. (2003). Public Relations and News Sources. In S. Cottle (Ed. ), News, public relations and power. London Sage Publications Inc. Fleming, C Hemmingway, E Moore, G and Welford, D. (2006). An Introduction to Journalism. London Sage Publications I nc. Fitzpatrick, K and Bronstein, C. (2006). morals in Public Relations. London Sage Publications Inc. Fourie, P. (Ed. ) (2007). Media Studies Media History, Media and Society (Vol. 1). Cape Town Juta Co. Ltd. Franklin, B. and Murphy, D. (1991). What News?. London Routledge LEtang, J. (2004). Public Relations in Britain.New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Ray, S. (2007) And Now for the good News. Massachusetts Moment phase Press Schultz, R. (1998) Reviving the fourth estate. Cambridge Cambridge University Press Slattery, M. (2003). Key Ideas in Sociology. Cheltenham Nelson Thornes Ltd. Sloan, W. and Parcell, L. (Eds) (2002). American Journalism History, Principles, Practices. North Carolina McFarland company Inc. Whitaker,W Ramsey, J and Smith, R. (2004). MediaWriting Print, Broadcast and Public Relations. (2nd ed). New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

The Vikings Rise and Fall of the Norse Sea Kings by Poertner Rudolf Essay Example for Free

The Vikings Rise and F exclusively of the Norse Sea Kings by Poertner Rudolf evidenceThe book brings to life the vital, expanding Norse civilization that dominated the western world between 800 and 1100 A.D. During the late 800s, Harald Fairhair was hard to unite Norway under his rule. Before he came to power, chieftains ruled over different areas of what is now Norway. thither were umpteen people who disagreed withHarald and many battles ensued where the chieftains lost. Under Harald, chieftains had to give up their titles. The forced unification of Norway threatened their hereditary rights and bowed down(p) them with taxes (Poertner 54). People who would not stand for this fled Norway and settled on is shores send off the coast of Norway and invaded Norway. The Vikings left Scandinavia as a result of a population growth and a general famine in Europe, farm trim down began to fabricate scarce. Hearing that Iceland had good land, the people left. Although many parts of the island were not habitable due to volcanoes and ice fields, thither were areas that had many attractive qualities. These qualities made coming to Iceland an easy decision to a lot of people. By 930 all the good land was occupied and the population of Iceland was about 30,000 (Poertner 55).This leads us to the settlement of Greenland. After being banished from Norway, and so Iceland for murders he committed. Erik the Red decided to search for land in the west. He had already heard stories of what would later be called Greenland so he knew it was out there. He spent three years there and lived by hunting and fishing. When he went back to Iceland he told everyone about the place he named Greenland which had good pasture land and good hunting. In the year 986 he and twenty-five shiploads of settlers set sail for Greenland. Only fourteen ships arrived safely on Greenland due to storms at sea.Within a year or so after the settlers came to Greenland, the runner known sighting of America was made by a European. Bjarni Herjolfsson was sailing from Iceland to Greenland when he was blown off course, within sight of America. He saw three places but did not stop anywhere until he got to Greenland. Erik the Reds son, Leif Eriksson eventually bought Bjarnis ship and sailed in search of the land that Bjarni had seen. The first place Leif stopped at was plane and stony. He called Helluland.The second place he stopped at was a wooded area he called Markland. The third place was the one place he stayed, calling it Vinland. He was very pleased with it and told of a land where rivers overflowed with salmon, the grass did not wither in the frostless winter, and there was an enormous amount of timber, something that was lacking in both Greenland and Iceland. After spending a winter in Vinland, Leif and his crew return to Greenland where they tell of their geographic expedition loaded down with timber and grapes (Poertner 60).Leifs brother Thorvald made the next journey to Vinlan d with a crew of thirty. He is the first European known to have met a native. The explorers killed eight natives whose people later attack the explorers and Thorvald was killed in the attack. The explorers left. Thorfinn Karlsefni then went to Vinland with his wife, Gudrid, and others, hoping to make a permanent settlement.That ended the settlements in Vinland. The skirmishes with the natives may have made the Vikings detect threatened. The settlements of Greenland also died out, but for many more reasons. The Little Ice Age began and once fertile land turned to ice, and what soil that did not turn to ice eventually just gave out. The cattle and crops began to waste away. There was also competition with the Eskimos for marine game. For historian buffs this book is excellent and easy to follow. The book was up to see for that time and I enjoyed the book very much. The Author is Scandinavian or German and the book was translated into English. I tried to find information on the autho r but was unsuccessful in the time I had. I recommend this book to any Viking or Norse buff.

Critque essay Essay Example for Free

Critque essay EssayIn the score The Operation, by Pensri Kiengsiri , a story that has a third persons point of view. The commentator learns that Kamjorn, the father of the kid, dont have much affection to Danu be consume Danu is a victim of polio which do Danu a crippled kid. Its conspiracy leads the reader into having a feeling of kindliness for the boy. And the storys setting, contributes well to the growing sympathy of the readers to Danu, as Kiengsiris treatment of timing cause the readers to anticipate a shocking things thats to unfold. The time at which The Operation is set introduces an element of accent between the parents. Kamjorn informed the readers that when he taught about going to Bangkok he first wanted to impose his best friend, rather to go to the hospital which is his main reason of going to Bangkok it is his see strayed to former(a) days in Bangkok, student days and to the old school mates, he would have a knock to look up. As the reader already knows t hat Kamjorn intends to catch up with his old friends, the very mention of strayed to new(prenominal) days evokes the sense of a plan that will certainly make sadness to the boys feelings.The added suggestion of chance to look up introduces an atmosphere of uncertainty that planted to the readers mind is the nonion that all is not normal and right field to the world. The sense of uncertainty to Kamjorn that he will not go to his son and doesnt show to his son it is a big factor to his son surgery. skillful as the time in which The Operation is set infuses the story with an atmosphere of sadness, so do the somatogenetic surrounding in which the bulk of plot unfolds. When Kamjorn reached Bangkok, he went to meet his friend and to actually catch up with them.When his daughter havent seen any sign that either one of their parents arrived, she was worried and called to their house and in some way convinced her mother to travel. Both things added to the readers sense that theres so mething is not right and that something imminent is about to occur.This atmosphere of imminence increases as their mother went to the train and hasnt heard anything from her until the operation is almost finished an accident on an express trainfatalitiesthats the only rowing Kamjorns mind ever digested before he fainted. For it is only in the final conversation of the story. The imminence that happened to Kamjorns wife that caused him to faint.It has successfully concealed the true sense of Kamjorn tears last before he fainted. Hence, the air Kiengsiri described the time and setting of The Operation serves to greatly enhance the effect of this tale upon the reader.In attach to the storys characters into a world thet grows steadily more gruesome at every turn, the readers feeling of sadness and foreboding increases, the reader is doubly troubled the disturbing revelation made in the storys final conversation. Kiengsiris use of setting and timing in this story mirrors the special e ffects employed in dramatic movies-effects that have the viewers wiping their tears, totally absorbed in plot and atmosphere. It is good that a 6 page short story can evoke with words the same response that movie makers use millions of dollars, efforts and truckloads of technology to create.

Dance Critique Essay Example for Free

Dance Critique EssayIn Fall 2012 there was a production called Jubilation taken place in El Camino College in the Campus Theatre. The Dance consist of many an(prenominal) different styles of bound from African dance by Nichole Nittche Thompson Spirit Within, to Tango as demonstrated in La Revancha Del Tango, choreographed by Imara Quinonez. One of the most common and best performed dances that was presented in the production were The Gift and Broad bearing Bound, choreographed by Bernice Boseman. Broadway Bound consisted of twelve dancers, and performed as a single group of girls, a single group of guys, and girls and guys dancing together. However, in the process of The gift there was practiced one guy that performed his solo. As the famous air of The Little Drummer Boy started, the scant(p)s appear on stage focusing on a boy who was session on a rock with his drum. He was wearing a white loose shirt with goldbrick and a red belt around him. The stage also had a white b right light in the congest area of the stage. As the telephone call started seven different characters came in one by one with different color of long dresses and had their heads wrap around with long cloths.As each dancer came in walking slowly step by step towards the bright back stage light, they raised(a) the gift up high and continue walking slowly but this time out the stage. after everyone had gag the stage the drummer boy got up from the rock and went to the bright light and raise his drum up high. Then he begin to dance around to the beat of the drums around stage. At the beginning of the pains the first seven dancers who entered walking had a repeatedly step walking in a line. As they approach the stage they moved across the stage using all the space from it.As they exit the drummer boy started dancing. He was doing a solo dance moving across the stage but primarily staying tin the middle area. The boy was doing different type of jazz movements while holding the gift in his hand for the whole remaining time. The work demonstrated by the boy was flowing smooth passim the music and his dance. Bernice Boseman was trying to point out the cultural part of this dance which she added a visual scenario for us to understand the dance in a different way.By Bernice Boseman adding the gift carriers at the beginning of the performance her intent is to make us see that the gift carriers were rich people with a more high-priced gift trying to give them to god. This was represented by the big bright light in back of the stage as god looking down on them. On the contrary, the drummer boy was not as good looking as the rich gift carriers and all he had to offer god was just a drummer with his music. The drummer boy dance to the song expressing his feelings out for bountiful the gift to god.He would move up and down stretching his harms up and the bringing them down similar if he was having a thought for giving the gift to him. He felt like if his gift wasnt a s valuable as like the others. At the end of the performance he kneeled down and raised his drum to god as a gift. For the most part, The Gift was a great performance that made the audience knew the authors intent . The meaning of the song with the dance was very clear and the drummer boy was very focused in showing us the way he felt. In overall, the organization was very successfully and were all committed to the dance.

Thought and Language

Thought and LanguageIn the field of lingual theory, the relation between theory and quarrel is still an emerging topic of discussion. Different polyglots and psychologists stand on divergent scans and continue their argument to define this relation whether they ar interdependent or independent. Broad categories of views be present and converging theories atomic number 18 yet to be gained.The two extreme archetype school concerning the blood between phrase and purpose be commonly referred to as Mould theories and Cloak theories. According to the cat theory, spoken language constructs our imagination and they are interwoven in such a panache that all masses are equally being affected by the confines of their language. race shadower be considered as mental prisoners as they are unable to think in any oppositewisewise way which the language he speaks does not support.The cloak theory casts a disparate view and described language as a cloak conforming to the cust omary categories of though of its speaker. In this theory, language considered only as a media to express our ideas just kindred the way we can use our physical movement to represent what we are feeling. Language do not control our way of perceiving things and we imagine our world in the way we like to. There is too a middle stand between this two which alike popular in the linguistic theory. Without following the extreme, this view explains that language and thought is related scarcely a flexible sense. abouttimes language drives our thought work at and again sometime we construct the language with our thoughts.The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, named after the American linguist Edward Sapir and Bejamin Lee Whorf is classified as mould theory of language. In 1929, Sapir presented his belief that the potential range of mankind behavior is controlled by the language he speaks. It is totally dependent on the vocabulary exist in the specific language we are part of. This hypothesis i s known as the strong form of Sapirs Hypothesis. It in addition mentioned that as different languages have different structures, roadblock free communication between cross-cultural groups is unworkable as they go out never able to think in the same way as they are bounded by different language.After reviewing the two extreme theories of linguistic trustworthyity, I stand somewhere between the two .I think, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis cannot be totally denied still cannot be accepted fully. There are numerous arguments which support Sapir and also cross out the hypothesis. With a deep analysis of the different views and considering the samples from real world around me, I came to the conclusion that the relation between the language and thought is a continued process. Language instructs our thought and we often directed by the way our language constructs perceive the world. For example, in our nation when we say the word Pohela Boishakh, it automatically spells a magic of fest ivity in everyones mind. It is the Bengali New division and now this language construct evolved in such a way that it is now motivating the thought process of the great deal of our country. We are getting bound to think by this word. But it is also received in the other way around. The creative minds come out with thousands of in advance(p) ideas and directing the language evolution. People growing up in the same surrounding and speaking the same language can possess different thoughts and communicate different ideas which contradict with Sapirs Hypothesis. So, I am more influenced by the theory that language and speech can be though of as two intersecting circles. In their overlapping parts, thought and speech coincide to produce what is called verbal thought. Verbal thought, however, does not by any inwardness intromit all forms of thought or all forms of speech. There is a vast area of thought that has no direct relation to speech. The thinking manifested in the use of too ls locomotes in this area, as does practical intellect in general. Furthermore, investigations by psychologists of the Wrzburg School have demonstrated that thought can function without any word images or speech movements detectable through self-observation.While discussing about the topic with my group mates Dana Satriya and Sharad, I encountered different fabrics of thought in them. Dana came from Indonesia and Sharad from India. In Danas opinion thought is an act of verbal. He seems to support Sapirs Hypothesis and mentioned that we the media information science students came from different parts of the world. Though in Ger some(prenominal), we can be considered as a community but we have distinct thought process and it will eventually act as a barrier while we communicate with each other. And this distinct thoughts are somewhat influenced by the different language constructs we belong to. In some stage, I will not be able to express my inner feelings to Dana in a full sense as his language construct does allow him to think and follow my thoughts. Sharad being as an Indian got an opportunity to experience wide range of cultures and community in his country. He also agreed that language has some influence over the people as he has seen different concepts and views among the people using different language.In my opinion, it is necessary to take into account the close relationship which exists between language and thinking. Most commonly accepted idea about language and speech is that they are the way of expressing the ingrained thought process of an individual. People express what they feel with the means of language and speech. However, the construction of language is not evolved in a uniform way among all the people. Living in different scope makes people from different parts of the world to perceive reality in different manner. The social and environmental context influence their way of living and thought. Due to perceiving the context in different wa ys, their use of words depends on that particular context. From generation to generation, the language is evolved while keeping the relation with social reality. As an example, in my country, Bangladesh, the landscape is flat and people live on farming. Therefore, large part of the thought process is establish on the agricultural activities and have fussy part of language constructs generated to explain this process. Eventually, the new generations grow up with the special language constructs related to agriculture which influence their thought process according to Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, describing the process of language influencing the thought process. However, I think it is not in that strong way according the hypothesis that language constructs the thought.It is intelligibly evident that Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was built on a partially viewed concept. Whorf analyzed several examples of Native American Language, Hopi, to support his hypothesis, which state that thought is stro ngly based on language. According to Whorf, the Hopi language does not assure any words, grammatical constructions, or expressions that refer to the English concept of time. He goes on to explain that it is possible in the Hopi language to express the world or reality in ways other than what many languages refer to as time. The Hopi view of reality is specific to the language and can only be shell expressed if one is known with the language. In this example where Whorf feels language strongly influences thought, he is often criticized with circularity because he infers cognitive differences between two speakers from an examination of their respective languages, (Hopi and English). His proof of cognitive differences is only based on reiteration of the linguistic differences. But several other studies were done which supports the hypothesis including the research on perception of color in English compared with a small tribe from Papua New Guinea called Berinmo.However, I personally contradict to some extent with the staple fibre idea of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. It is not entirely ignorable that language has some influence on the thought process, although it is not the only mean which drive our thoughts. It can only be considered a little part of a much bigger paradigm. As an example, we can consider the example of infants, who is yet to talk. However, it is widely accepted that children go through thought process before they even visualize to talk. According to Piaget, every child has two different thought processes which are directed and undirected. Piaget says,Directed thought is conscious, i.e., it pursues an aim which is present to the mind of the thinker it is intelligent, which means that it is adapted to reality and tries to influence it it admits of being true or false (empirically or logically true), and it can be communicated by language. Autistic thought is subconscious, which means that the aims it pursues and the problems it tries to solve are n ot present in consciousness it is not adapted to reality, but creates for itself a dream world of imagination it tends, not to establish truths, but to satisfy desires, and it remains strictly individual and incommunicable as such by means of language. On the contrary, it works chiefly by images, and in regulate to express itself, has recourse to indirect methods, evoking by means of symbols and myths the feeling by which it is led.Therefore, this autistic thought is not influenced by languages and is evolved separately by the complex mental process. Same inference can be displace for the physically retarded groups who can not speak and hear, but have their own thought process development of which is not blocked by any linguistic constructs.Language is not the driver of thoughts but thought can eventually result in language. Poets and laureates often enrich us with new and innovative language constructs to materialize their thoughts. So, in this case they are generating language w ith their thoughts.But there is always the other side of the coin. Language often acts as the catalyst for thought. If someone says a bitter word in a language which I dont know, it will not affect me. But if I am familiar with the word, it will certainly scatter some effect on my thought process and I will react over it. So, there are obviously many thought processes in individual which can only be motivated and initiated by the linguistic reality and not in any other way. In this context we can refer to George Lakoffs argument that language is often used metaphorically and that different languages use different cultural metaphors that reveal something about how speakers of that language think. For example English employs metaphors linkening time with money, whereas other languages may not talk about time in that fashion.So absence of language construct inhibiting the way of their thinking about time in the same way as English people do.So, the basic idea we infer from the above di scussion that language and thought continuously move back and aside from thought to language and language to thought. Language helps us to think with a specific point of view and thought again develop the language. And thought is not only being expressed in words, it also comes into existence through them. Every thought relates one object to another and it moves, grows and develops, executes function and solves problem. This flow of thought occurs as inner movement which can be based on language and can also be without language.BibliographyLev Vygotsky (1986) Thought and Language (newly revised and edited by Alex Kozulin)Ekkehart Malotki (1983) Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 20 Hopi eonThomas Tsoi The Relation between Language and Thoughthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativityhttp//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/language/whorf.htmlhttp//www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/whorf.htmlhttp//www.angelfire.com/journal/worldtour99/sapirwhorf.htmlhttp//www.usingen glish.com/speaking-out/language-thought-sapirwhorf.htmlhttp//www. readingandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htmContent ends here