History of Coca-Cola essays

History of Coca-Cola essays Id like to talk today about the history of Coca-Cola. Ive divided my talk into three main parts: The period before WW the inter-war period and the period from WW2 to our days. Lets start with the period From 1886 to 1914. Pharmacist Dr. John Slyth Pemberton invented the first recipe of Coca-Cola in the spring of 1986 in Atlanta. Dr. Pemberton used African Kola Nut extract and coca leaves, which are both strong stimulants, in his potion. The product was sold as syrup that would help people feel better. One tea spoon had to be diluted in one glass of water. In 1887, Pemberton found out that carbonated water was tastier than plain water. The coca-cola beverage as we know it today was born. Coca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pemberton's close friends, from the names of its two basic ingredients. He also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. During the summer of 1887, Pemberton was forced to sell his license because he was in poor health and covered in debt. Asa Candler, pharmacist and friend of Pemberton, was interested in the product after having used it successfully for his headaches. Candler became the leader of the company in the summer of 1888. In 1891, Candler created the Coca-Cola Company. Five years later, Candler could already announce that Coca-Cola was drunk in all states and territories of the USA. From 1901 to 1910, sales progressed from 4000l. a day to 40 000 l a day in 1910. From the start coca-cola invested a lot in advertising. Because of its success, coca-cola became the target of plenty of imitators. Lawyers of the coca-cola company prosecuted brands as Koke company, Karo-Cola, Curo-Cola, Sola-Cola, Koka-nola and Taka-Cola. From the beginning, the sales of coca-cola increased continuously. But in 1917 production of the syrup had to be decreased because of the restrictions on raw materials as sugar due to the entry of the USA in the wa...

Daniel Hale Williams, Heart Surgery Pioneer

Daniel Hale Williams, Heart Surgery Pioneer American physician Daniel Hale Williams (January 18, 1856- August 4, 1931), a pioneer in the field of medicine, was the first African American to perform successful open heart surgery. Dr. Williams also founded Chicagos Provident Hospital and co-founded the National Medical Association. Fast Facts: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams Full Name: Daniel Hale Williams, IIIBorn: January 18, 1856 in Hollidaysburg, PennsylvaniaDied: August 4, 1931 in Idlewild, MichiganParents: Daniel Hale Williams, II and Sarah Price WilliamsSpouse: Alice Johnson (m. 1898-1924)Education: M.D. from Chicago Medical College (now Northwestern University Medical School)Key Accomplishments: First African American to perform successful open heart surgery, founder of Provident Hospital (the first  black owned and operated interracial hospital in the U.S.), and co-founder of the National Medical Association. Early Years Daniel Hale Williams, III, was born on January 18, 1856 to Daniel Hale and Sarah Price Williams in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. His father was a barber and the family, including Daniel and his six siblings, moved to Annapolis, Maryland, when Daniel was a young boy. Shortly after the move, his father died from tuberculosis and his mother moved the family to Baltimore, Maryland. Daniel became a shoemakers apprentice for a while and later moved to Wisconsin, where he became a barber. After graduating from high school, Daniel grew interested in medicine and served as an apprentice to a well known local surgeon, Dr. Henry Palmer. This apprenticeship lasted two years, and then Daniel was accepted to the Chicago Medical College, affiliated with Northwestern University. He graduated in 1883 with an M.D. degree. Career and Accomplishments Dr. Daniel Hale Williams began practicing medicine and surgery at Chicagos South Side Dispensary. He was also the first African American anatomy instructor at Chicago Medical College, where he taught notable future physicians such as Mayo Clinics co-founder Charles Mayo. By 1889, other notable appointments for Dr. Williams included the City Railway Company, the Protestant Orphan Asylum, and the Illinois State Board of Health. These were very unique accomplishments for the time, considering that there were very few black doctors at this point in African American history. Dr. Williams gained a reputation as a highly skilled surgeon whose practice included treatment for all patients, regardless of race. This was life-saving for African Americans at the time because they were not allowed admittance to hospitals. African American doctors were not allowed on staff in hospitals either. In 1890, a friend of Dr. Williams asked him for help as his sister was being denied entrance into nursing school because she was black. In 1891, Dr. Williams founded the Provident Hospital and Nursing Training School. This was the first  black owned and operated interracial hospital in the U.S. and served as a training ground for nurses and African American doctors. First Open Heart Surgery In 1893, Dr. Williams gained notoriety for successfully treating a man, James Cornish, with stab wounds to the heart. Although physicians at the time were aware of the revolutionary works of Louis Pastuer and Joseph Lister in relation to germs and medical surgery, open heart surgery was generally avoided due to the high risk of infection and subsequent death. Williams had no access to X-rays, antibiotics, anesthetics, blood transfusions, or modern equipment. Employing Listers antiseptic technique, he performed the surgery suturing the pericardium (protective lining) of the heart. This would be the first successful heart surgery performed by an African American and second by an American doctor. In 1891, Henry C. Dalton had surgically repaired a pericardial wound of the heart on a patient in St. Louis. Later Years In 1894, Dr. Williams obtained the position of surgeon-in-chief at Freedmens Hospital in Washington, D.C. This hospital served the needs of the poor and newly freed slaves after the Civil War. In four years, Williams transformed the hospital, making dramatic improvements in the admission of surgical cases and drastically reducing the hospitals mortality rate. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams succeeded in the face of discrimination his entire life. In 1895, he co-founded the National Medical Association in response to the American Medical Associations denial of membership to blacks. The National Medical Association became the only national professional organization available for black physicians. In 1898, Williams resigned from Freedmens Hospital and married Alice Johnson, daughter of sculptor Moses Jacob Ezekiel. The newlyweds returned to Chicago, where Williams became chief of surgery at Provident Hospital. Death and Legacy After resigning from his position at Provident Hospital in 1912, Williams was appointed staff surgeon at St. Lukes Hospital in Chicago. Among his many honors, he was named the American College of Surgeons first black fellow. He remained at St. Lukes Hospital until suffering a stroke in 1926. Upon his retirement, Williams spent his remaining days in Idlewild, Michigan, where he died on August 4, 1931. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams would leave a legacy of greatness in the face of discrimination. He demonstrated that African Americans are no less intelligent or valuable than any other Americans. He saved many lives by establishing Provident Hospital and provided proficient medical care, and he also helped train a new generation of African American physicians and nurses. Sources Daniel Hale Willaims : Alumni Exhibit. Walter Dill Scott, University Archives, Northwestern University Library, Northwestern University Archives (NUL), exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/alumni/williams.html.Daniel Hale Williams. Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 19 Jan. 2018, www.biography.com/people/daniel-hale-williams-9532269.History - Dr. Daniel Hale Williams. The Provident Foundation, www.providentfoundation.org/index.php/history/history-dr-daniel-hale-williams.Nations Second Open-Heart Surgery Performed In Chicago 119 Years Ago. The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 10 July 2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/09/daniel-hale-williams-perf_n_1659949.html.

Critically discuss being drinking among women and particularly among Literature review

Critically discuss being drinking among women and particularly among asian women - Literature review Example This is because they are the largest group between the two that is experiencing rapid growth in binge drinking. This paper seeks to explore the theoretical implication of binge drinking while focusing on Asian women. As a modern phenomenon, binge drinking is more of a problematic form of drinking as opposed to pleasurable drinking. There has been numerous instances of debate on binge drinking in the media, especially in the TV and the newspaper with shameful representations captioned by examples such as â€Å"Binge Britain’s Night of Shame†, â€Å"Booze Britain† and â€Å"Ladette to Lady†. From these contexts, it is clear that the people being described in the TV and the newspaper are young people who engage in unacceptable behavior after alcohol intoxication. There are also alcohol policies put in place by the government to promote sensible behavior when drinking (Nicholls 2009). In academic studies, there are misconceptions about the phenomenon of binge drinking being a new manifestation of the 21st century. What is also questionable is its mere existence and how exactly it is presented in practice because most of the people who go out drinking on weekends are painted by the media and the government as being binge drinkers when they do not overtly comprehend the nature of their drinking themselves (Haydock 2009). Academic accounts also identify a problem with the fact that binge drinking is considered a new phenomenon, given that there are numerous aspects that influence the â€Å"newness† and they vary with race, culture, age, gender among others. For instance according to Measham and Brain’s (2005), the â€Å"culture of intoxication† is a representation of â€Å"determined drunkenness† which is a calculated and deliberate attempt made by a person to get drunk (Measham & Brain 2005). However, according to Hall and Winlow’ s (2006), binge drinking is considered a means by which people engage more in broader friendship

Capital budget purchase Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital budget purchase - Term Paper Example This item was prioritized for the broader benefits that it will bring to my department. The item is specially designed for easy operation for hospital caregivers to help them keep and manage the patients’ health records. For our surgical department services to be more efficient in accessing the patient’s records remotely and attend to the patients’ need effectively, this equipment will highly be required. Therefore, my choice for this equipment is founded on the basis that much efficiency will be derived from its use in order to improve the department’s service delivery ability (Eric, Paul, Anita, David, Kathleen, & Elizabeth, 2011). The estimated cost for the equipment is about $5,100, but the resulting improvement in patient care of the department will be much higher than this. Managerial Goals Productivity: The decision to purchase this equipment will increase productivity and service delivery whereby care givers and surgeons in charge will be able to a ccess the patients’ charts remotely, they will be able to be alerted to attend to medical error and even be reminded to provide preventive care to their patients, hence high productivity is expected to result from the equipment purchase. Productivity will also result when the caregivers will not be expected to be around their patients throughout, and can only respond to their needs when alerted by the equipment, hence giving them time to attend to other duties. Quality: this equipment will enhance quality service delivery as most of the records will be automated and even in situations where the caregivers could have forgotten, they will be reminded by the device. Development: As a manager, by making this purchase, I will be ensuring that I bring new development to my staff and department as a whole. For the development to occur there must be a positive growth. And this technology is directed towards realizing this positive growth. Employee Support: this equipment, given its h igh efficiency level, will provide a lot of support to the employees as it is able to perform several things that could have been performed by the employees, effectively. Employees will therefore find their work much easier in providing care to their patients than when they use the manual records system. Economic Environment Enhancement There are various duties performed by this new electronic health record, which could otherwise be performed by the hospital employees. These include accessing the patients’ charts, attending to critical lab values, alert to potential medical error, provision of preventive care, identifying lab needed tests among others. The electronic health record system makes these duties easier to perform, as it automatically detects the required service and alert the person concerned to attend to the patient. This system when applied, will reduce cost of employing several employees since there will be no need to hire several caregivers when several of thei r duties can be performed by the electronic health record. As this cost is reduced, the department can divert this cost to other areas that really require much funding. Therefore, economically, this equipment can help my department save a lot of cost and enhance other areas with the same cost. Organizational Goals Patient Care: As it is in the goals of the organization to give the best care to the patients in an effort to

Removing barriers Essay Example for Free

Removing barriers Essay In a setting where the client is not there by choice, one of the major problems associated with substance abuse treatment is the client’s resistance. Generally, the techniques aimed at overcoming denial and resistance in such a setting can be grouped into two broad categories, namely confrontational and non-confrontational techniques. Confrontational techniques usually encompass intense treatment in order to break the client’s defenses and full abstinence from illegal substances (Sciacca, 1997). Non-confrontational techniques stimulate the client to accept his or her problems and cooperate with the counselor. Motivational interviewing is one of the most vivid examples of this approach. Instead on focusing on punitive measures and inadmissibility of relapse, motivational interviewing calls upon the client to engage into introspective activities and generate awareness of his or her addiction and attendant problems. This approach might be preferable to the first one since addicts tend to posses very strong ego-defense mechanisms (Sciacca, 1997). Motivational interviewing implies the development of trust between the client and counselor as well as empathy towards and acceptance of the client’s value system. Instead of being punitive and judgmental, the counselor should be tolerant and understanding. The counselor should be also able to send a message of hope and belief to the client (Sciacca, 1997). Another effective non-confrontational approach is client-centered therapy. The engine of change, as this philosophy argues, is the client’s self-realization and self-motivation. This is a non-directive approach to therapy that limits the role of the counselor to a listener and adviser rather than guide and enforcer. Thus, it is possible to conclude that non-confrontational techniques are more effective in involuntary treatment of substance addiction. References Sciacca, K. (1997). Removing barriers: dual diagnosis interviewing. Professional Counselor 12(1): 41-6.

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS :: essays research papers

The battle of New Orleans was a significant battle in the war of 1812. It was a crushing defeat for the British, increased patriotism, and Andrew Jackson emerged an American hero. The United States acquired the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803, thereby gaining control of the Mississippi River, and its watershed at the golf of Mexico. The U.S. government realized how important this was and its potential of becoming a great trading post. By 1812 this area called New Orleans grew as expected in size and importance. In peace it was a commercial outlet and trading center of the western United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The British chose to attack the Americans from the north by way of Isle aux Pois in the mouth of the Pearl River because this was the only only stable water they had found that ships could ride and anchor. When hearing that the british where coming this way, Lieutenant Thomas Ap Catesby Jones and his five gunboats went to try and Barackade the Rigolets trying to make sure they wouldn’t enter. His 185 men and 23 guns awaited the British. At 10:30 on December 14th 1814 three columns of British ships, 42 to 45, armed with 43 guns and 1,200 under the command of Captain Lockyer met the American blockade. Fierce fighting began and the British had finally captured the five American boats. Losses were 17 British and 6 Americans killed, 77 British and 35 Americans wounded. This gave Gerneral Andrew Jackson six days more to improve his defenses. The British at the very beginning of the war had demolished almost all of Jacksons sea power. Jackson only had the Carolina , Louisiana, and one gunboat left.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Jackson heard of the attack on Jones’ ships on December 15 he issued crises orders to forces nearby. One General by the name of Coffee received orders from Jackson stating â€Å"You must not sleep until you reach me or arrive withink striking distance.† The next day Jackson placed New Orleans under Martial Law. When General Coffee received his orders he immediately gathered his 1250 men and where off to help Jackson. Each man brought with him a hunting knife and long rifle. The Tenessee brigade commanded by Major General William Caroll arrived on 21st December. Only one in ten of them had a firearm.

Book: Kindergarten and Bibliographic Citation Essay

Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Blackstone, Stella. (2010) Octopus Opposites. Cambridge, MA: Barefoot Books Title: Octopus Opposites Author: Stella Blackstone Illustrator: Stephanie Bauer Year Published: 2010 Genre: Concept Brief Synopsis: This book discusses animals and their opposites. Suggested Developmental Level: This book would be appropriate for children birth to first grade based on the children’s reading levels. It will help in teaching the concept of opposites. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Matzke Ann, H. (2011) Can you guess? Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Publishing Title: Can You Guess? Author: Ann H. Matzke Illustrator: Tara Raymo Year Published: 2011 Genre: Interaction Brief Synopsis: This book is based on the math concept of more or less. It gives young children the opportunity to test their math skills with answering the questions in the book. Suggested Developmental Level: I think this book would be appropriate for young children in grades in kindergarten to first grade. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Lyon, George, Ella. (2010) The pirate of kindergarten. New York, NY: Antheneum Books For Young Readers Title: The Pirate of Kindergarten Author: George Ella Lyon. Illustrator: Lynne Avril Year Published: 2010 Genre: Storybook Brief Synopsis: Ginny is a kindergartner who has double vision making it harder for her to successfully participate in her class’s activities. She sees two of everything so Ginny has trouble reading, coloring, and cutting. One day, her class has participates in vision screening day where Ginny learns she has to visit and eye doctor to get glasses. Ginny’s eye doctor tells her she will be wearing a patch until her glasses come in. Once Ginny’s glasses are in, she can see everything in her classroom and this makes her very happy. Suggested Developmental Level: The appropriate age level for this book would be children in pre-school to second-grade. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Gibbs, Edward. (2011) I spy with my little eye. Templar Books Title: I spy With My Little Eye Author: Edward Gibbs Illustrator: N/A Year Published: 2011 Genre: Interaction, Predictable Brief Synopsis: This book is a predictable I spy book. On the pages a small circle is cut out leading to what’s on the next page. Clues are read to help the children guess what animal may be on the following page. Suggested Developmental Level: This book would be appropriate for children in pre-school to first grade. Because some of the clues are colors, this book will aide in helping children learn colors as well as taking educated guesses. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Sierra, Judy. (2012) Wild about you. NY: Alfred A. Knopf Title: Wild about You Author: Judy Sierra Illustrator: Marc Brown Year Published: 2012 Genre: Storybook Brief Synopsis: A new egg has arrived at the zoo but the zookeeper doesn’t know what animal may be inside. All of the zoo animals debate on who will hatch the egg and take care of the baby. The kangaroo decides to take care of the egg and soon to her surprise; it turns out to be a baby penguin. All of the zoo animals all help the kangaroo with the baby penguin. Soon after, a panda finds a baby kitten and soon falls in love with him just like the kangaroo and baby penguin. Suggested Developmental Level: This book would be appropriate for children in pre-school to second grade. The rhyming repetition in this book will help young children in learning new concepts of speech. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Whybrow, Ian. (2006) What’s the time little wolf? Minneapolis, MN: Carolrhoda Books, Inc. Title: What’s the Time Little Wolf? Author: Ian Whybrow Illustrator: Tony Ross Year Published: 2006 Genre: Interactive, Storybook Brief Synopsis: The Wolf family consists of mom, dad, Little Wolf, and Smells. Little Wolf and Smells are sent out by their parents to catch dinner for the family. Throughout the story Little Wolf and Smells try to catch dinner and have no luck. Finally, they come across mice who want to play â€Å"what’s the time Little Wolf? † Little Wolf and Smells use this opportunity to their advantage and trick the mice into playing the game to capture them for dinner. Soon, Little Wolf and Smells return home with a sack full of mice for their mom and dad where they all have mice pies and rolls. Suggested Developmental Level: The appropriate age level for this book and activity would be preschoolers to first graders. Extension Activity: After reading the book, play the game, What’s the Time, Mr. Wolf? One player is Mr. Wolf. This player stands far away from the others facing away from them. The other players call out, â€Å"What’s the time, Mr. Wolf? â€Å" If Mr. Wolf answers, â€Å"Five o’ clock! † the players must take five steps toward Mr. Wolf and so on. When everyone is close, Mr. Wolf, answers, â€Å"Dinnertime! † The other players turn back to the start while Mr. Wolf chases them. Whoever is caught first is the next Mr. Wolf. But if everyone makes it back to the start, the same player must be Mr. Wolf again. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Koelsch, Michael. (2001) Discover and explore. Penguin Putnam Inc. Title: Discover and Explore Author: Rosemary Wells Illustrator: Michael Koelsch Year Published: 2001 Genre: Storybook, Interactive Brief Synopsis: Timothy and his friends are kindergartners who learn about many different subjects throughout the school day. Timothy and his friends learn about the food pyramid, the seasons, the Earth, planting seeds, and many other subjects. Suggested Developmental Level: This book is appropriate for children ages three and up who are about to enter kindergarten. The concepts that can be learned in this book are the five senses, planting seeds, and the seasons. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Browne, Anthony. (2011) How do you feel? Somerville, MA: Candlewick Press Title: How Do You Feel? Author: Anthony Browne Illustrator: Year Published: 2011 Genre: Concept Brief Synopsis: This book discusses different emotions that many of us sometimes feel. Suggested Developmental Level: I think the appropriate level of this book would be for preschoolers to kindergartners who are just beginning to learn and understand the different emotions we have. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Cabrera, Jane. (2007) Old MacDonald had a farm. Great Britain: Gullane Children’s Books Title: Old MacDonald Had a Farm Author: Jane Cabrera Illustrator: Jane Cabrera Year Published: 2007 Genre: Interaction, Audiovisual (read-along), Storybook Brief Synopsis: Old MacDonald had a farm is a sing-along storybook that discusses all of the different things found on the farm like animals and Mr. MacDonald’s wife. Suggested Developmental Level: The appropriate level of this book is for young children in kindergarten who are can follow and sing along with the reader. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Fraiser, Debra. (2010) A fabulous fair alphabet. New York, NY: Beachlane Books Title: A Fabulous Fair Alphabet Author: Debra Fraiser Illustrator: Jim Henkel Year Published: 2010 Genre: Alphabet Brief Synopsis: A Fabulous Fair Alphabet gives is about all things found at a fair that correspond with a certain letter in the alphabet. Suggested Developmental Level: The lever appropriate for this book would be preschoolers to kindergartners who are still or just learning their ABC’s. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Adams, Diane. (2009) I can do it myself. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree Publishers Title: I Can Do It Myself Author: Diane Adams Illustrator: Nancy Hayashi Year Published: 2009 Genre: Storybook Brief Synopsis: Emily Pearl is a big girl who can do many things such as putting peanut butter on her bread or blowing her nose all by herself. Her mother always asks Emily and if she needs any help and Emily will respond, â€Å"I can do it myself. † Once it is time for bed, Emily finds herself needing her mom’s help with reading a bedtime story and finding Emily’s bear. Emily learns sometimes it’s nice to let someone else help. Suggested Developmental Level: Kindergartners through second graders will enjoy this book because it is teaching that although they can do many things on their own, sometimes they need help from someone else. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Reiss, Mike. (2008) The boy who wouldn’t share. New York, NY: HarperCollins Children’s Books Title: The Boy Who Wouldn’t Share Author: Mike Reiss Illustrator: David Catrow Year Published: 2008 Genre: Storybook, Concept Brief Synopsis: Edward is being a selfish boy and not sharing his toys with his younger sister Claire. All day Edward keeps his toys in a huger pile away from Claire and finds himself stuck inside of the pile. When Edward and Claire’s mother comes in with a plate of fudge, she gives it all to Claire because Edward is nowhere to be found. Claire shares with her brother and teaches him that sharing is good. Edward then begins to let Claire play with his toys and they turns out fine, Suggested Developmental Level: Children who are in pre-school or kindergarten who may be new to sharing toys with other children will learn that sharing toys is the nice thing to do. It may help them to understand that sharing with result in having a better time. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: McPhail, David. (2002) The teddy bear. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company Title: The Teddy Bear Author: David McPhail Illustrator: David McPhail Year Published: 2002 Genre: Storybook, Concept Brief Synopsis: A young boy carries his teddy bear everywhere with him. One day, the boy and his parents decided to stop for lunch. The little boy’s teddy bear was accidentally left behind and thrown out into a garbage can. A homeless man found the teddy bear and soon started calling it his own. Months had passed, and the little boy had almost forgotten about the bear until one day as him and his parents walked through park. The man had left the teddy bear sitting on the bench as he looked for something. The little boy grabbed the teddy bear and went on his way when he heard the man upset, looking for his bear. The little boy decided to let the man keep the teddy bear saying that he used to have a similar one. Suggested Developmental Level: This book would be appropriate for young children in first through second grade. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Wheeler, Cindy. (1995) Simple Signs. New York, NY: Penhuin Group Title: Simple Signs Author: Cindy Wheeler Illustrator: Cindy Wheeler Year Published: 1995 Genre: Nonfiction, Interaction, Concept Brief Synopsis: Simple Signs illustrates the signs of American Sign Language for simple words such as cat and ball. Suggested Developmental Level: This book should be read to children who are in both kindergarten and first grade. This in an interactive book that promotes the use of sign language as another form of communication. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Brimmer, Larry. (2006) Bigger and Smaller. Chanhassen, MN: The Child’s World Title: Bigger and Smaller Author: Larry Dane Brimner Illustrator: Patrick Girouard Year Published: 2006 Genre: Storybook Brief Synopsis: A brother and sister learn the concept of bigger and smaller by taking a trip to the zoo and comparing themselves to all the different sized animals. Suggested Developmental Level: This book should be read to children birth to first grade. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Schaefer, Lola. (2000) A Rainy Day. Mankata, MN: Capstone Press Title: A Rainy Day Author: Lola M. Schaefer Illustrator: Lola M. Schaefer Year Published: 2000 Genre: Nonfiction, Storybook Brief Synopsis: This book is about the importance of rain and offers other information about rain such as rain forms in clouds. Suggested Developmental Level: The developmental level for this book is for children birth to first grade. Annotated Bibliographic Citation: Gordan, Sharon. (2006) We follow the Rules. Tarrytown, NY: Matshall Cavendish Corporation Title: We Follow the Rules Author: Sharon Gordon.

Silent Movies (Summary)

SILENT MOVIES Talk to people who saw films for the first time when they were silent, and they will tell you the experience was magic. The silent film, with music, had extraordinary powers to draw an audience into the story, and an equally potent capacity to make their imagination work. They had to supply the voices and the sound effects, and because their minds were engaged, they appreciated the experience all the more. The audience was the final creative contributor to the process of making a film. The films have gained a charm and other worldliness with age but, inevitably, they have also lost something.The impression they made when there was no rival to the moving picture was more profound, more intense; compared to the easily accessible pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-handed axe, against the blunt scraping of a tableknife. The silent period may be known as â€Å"The Age of Innocence† but it included years unrivalled for their dedicated viciousness. In Europe, b etween 1914 and 1918 more men were killed to less purpose than at any other time in history. In publications of the time, one reads horrified reactions against films showing â€Å"life as it is†.You did not leave the problems at home mere1? to encounter them again at the movies. You paid your money initially, for forgetfulness. Gradually movie-going altered from relaxation to ritual. In the big cities, you went to massive picture palaces, floating through incense-laden air to the strains of organ music, to worship at the Cathedral of Light. You paid homage to your favourite star; you dutifully communed with the fan magazines. You wore the clothes they wore in the movies; you bought the furniture you saw on the screen.You joined a congregation composed of every strata of society. And you shared your adulation with Shanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your favourite pastime had become the most powerful cultural influence in the world — exceeding even that of the Press. The silent film was not only a vigorous popular art; it was a universal language — Esperanto for the eyes. Although the genre of silent movie faded it the 30’s it left us plenty of short and feature-length comedies created by four greatest silent screen actors: Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon.The most beloved of the four, the most appreciated by critics, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general acclaim. Chaplin was a master of pantomime. His virtuoso improvisations quickly attracted the attention of American film-makers. At first he turned down all offers but in 1913 he finally joined Mack Sennet's film company. His success with the public was truly unique. This fact opened great opportunities for him to start his own business. He showed rare versatility in acting as the producer-director-script-writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies.His most famous films are â€Å"The Kid†, â€Å"The Gold Rush†, â€Å"The Circ us† ,†City Lights†, â€Å"Modern Times†. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton’s contribution to the genre has been profound as well. Both comedians used story material of a young American trying to be successful as a man, in his love and in his business. Though they were both gifted and original actors and they could match Chaplin in his skill it took them longer to receive recognition that could compete with Chaplin's fame.However by the early 1920's both Lloyd and Keaton were already well-known to the public and could start producing feature films, which meant that they were very successful at the box-office. The fourth actor, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-child portrait that made him different from the other major comedians of his time. The four great comedians created a great comic tradition that was carried on with the sound age. They have given us masterpieces that will never fade, and they will influence the film comedies yet to be born. Silent Movies (Summary) SILENT MOVIES Talk to people who saw films for the first time when they were silent, and they will tell you the experience was magic. The silent film, with music, had extraordinary powers to draw an audience into the story, and an equally potent capacity to make their imagination work. They had to supply the voices and the sound effects, and because their minds were engaged, they appreciated the experience all the more. The audience was the final creative contributor to the process of making a film. The films have gained a charm and other worldliness with age but, inevitably, they have also lost something.The impression they made when there was no rival to the moving picture was more profound, more intense; compared to the easily accessible pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-handed axe, against the blunt scraping of a tableknife. The silent period may be known as â€Å"The Age of Innocence† but it included years unrivalled for their dedicated viciousness. In Europe, b etween 1914 and 1918 more men were killed to less purpose than at any other time in history. In publications of the time, one reads horrified reactions against films showing â€Å"life as it is†.You did not leave the problems at home mere1? to encounter them again at the movies. You paid your money initially, for forgetfulness. Gradually movie-going altered from relaxation to ritual. In the big cities, you went to massive picture palaces, floating through incense-laden air to the strains of organ music, to worship at the Cathedral of Light. You paid homage to your favourite star; you dutifully communed with the fan magazines. You wore the clothes they wore in the movies; you bought the furniture you saw on the screen.You joined a congregation composed of every strata of society. And you shared your adulation with Shanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your favourite pastime had become the most powerful cultural influence in the world — exceeding even that of the Press. The silent film was not only a vigorous popular art; it was a universal language — Esperanto for the eyes. Although the genre of silent movie faded it the 30’s it left us plenty of short and feature-length comedies created by four greatest silent screen actors: Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon.The most beloved of the four, the most appreciated by critics, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general acclaim. Chaplin was a master of pantomime. His virtuoso improvisations quickly attracted the attention of American film-makers. At first he turned down all offers but in 1913 he finally joined Mack Sennet's film company. His success with the public was truly unique. This fact opened great opportunities for him to start his own business. He showed rare versatility in acting as the producer-director-script-writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies.His most famous films are â€Å"The Kid†, â€Å"The Gold Rush†, â€Å"The Circ us† ,†City Lights†, â€Å"Modern Times†. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton’s contribution to the genre has been profound as well. Both comedians used story material of a young American trying to be successful as a man, in his love and in his business. Though they were both gifted and original actors and they could match Chaplin in his skill it took them longer to receive recognition that could compete with Chaplin's fame.However by the early 1920's both Lloyd and Keaton were already well-known to the public and could start producing feature films, which meant that they were very successful at the box-office. The fourth actor, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-child portrait that made him different from the other major comedians of his time. The four great comedians created a great comic tradition that was carried on with the sound age. They have given us masterpieces that will never fade, and they will influence the film comedies yet to be born.

Grizzly Bear Facts (Ursus arctos horribilis)

Grizzly Bear Facts (Ursus arctos horribilis) The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is a subspecies of brown bear found in North America. While all grizzlies are brown bears, not all brown bears are grizzlies. According to some specialists, the grizzly bear lives inland, while the North American brown bear lives on the coast due to its reliance on food sources like salmon. Meanwhile, the Kodiac brown bear lives in the Kodiac Archipelago of Alaska. While habitat affects their appearance and behavior, there is no genetic difference between these bears. Thus, most scientists simply refer to any brown bear living in North America as a North American brown bear. Fast Facts: Grizzly Bear Scientific Name: Ursus arctos horribilisOther Names: North American brown bearDistinguishing Features: Large brown bear with a muscular shoulder hump.Average Size: 6.5 ft (1.98 m); 290 to 790 lb (130 to 360 kg)Diet: OmnivorousAverage Life Span: 25 yearsHabitat: Northwestern North AmericaConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: CarnivoraFamily: UrsidaeFun Fact: Adult male grizzly bears weigh about twice as much as females. Description Brown bears are easily distinguished from black bears by their large muscular shoulder hump, short ears, and rump that is lower than the shoulders. Because they eat a lower protein diet, grizzly bears tend to be smaller than coastal brown bears, but they are still very large. The average female weighs between 130 and 180 kg (290 to 400 lb), while males typically weigh between 180 and 360 kg (400 to 790 lb). Grizzly bears range in color from blond to black. Most bears are brown with darker legs and gray or blond tipped hairs on their back and flanks. Their long claws are well-adapted to digging. Lewis and Clark described the bear as grisley, which could have referred to the grizzled appearance of the bears gray-or-gold-tipped fur, or to the gruesome ferocity of the animal. Distribution Originally, grizzly bears ranged across much of North America, from Mexico through northern Canada. Hunting greatly reduced the bears range. Presently, there are about 55,000 grizzly bears, mostly found in Alaska, Canada, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Grizzly bear range over time. Cephas Diet and Predators The grizzly bear, together with the gray wolf, is the apex predator in its range. Grizzlies pursue large prey (i.e. deer, bison, moose, elk, caribou, and black bears), smaller prey (i.e. voles, marmots, ground squirrels, voles, bees, and moths), fish (i.e. trout, bass, and salmon), and shellfish. Grizzly bears are omnivorous, so they also eat grasses, pine nuts, berries, and tubers. Grizzly bears scavenge carcasses, and they will eat human food and garbage when available. The bears have been known to kill and eat humans, but about 70% of human fatalities are caused by females defending their young. While adult grizzlies dont have predators, cubs may be killed by wolves or by other brown bears. Grizzly bears eat grass as well as meat. Keith Bradley / Getty Images Reproduction and Life Cycle Grizzly bears reach sexual maturity around five years of age. They mate in the summer. Embryo implantation is delayed until the female seeks a den for the winter. If she does not gain sufficient weight over the summer, she will have a miscarriage. Grizzly bears do not truly hibernate, but the females energy is diverted toward gestation while she sleeps. She gives birth to one to four cubs in the den and nurses them until summer comes. The mother stays with her cubs and fiercely defends them for about two years, but then she chases them away and avoids them if the bears meet later in life. A female does not mate when caring for her cubs, so the grizzly has a slow reproductive rate. Female bears live somewhat longer than males. The average lifespan is about 22 years for a male and 26 years for a female. This disparity is most likely caused by the injuries male bears incur while fighting for mates. Grizzly bears can breed with other brown bears, black bears, and polar bears. However, these hybrids are rare because the species and subspecies dont usually have overlapping ranges. Conservation Status The IUCN Red List categorizes the brown bear, which includes the grizzly, as least concern. Overall, the species population is stable. However, the grizzly is considered threatened in the United States and endangered in parts of Canada. Threats include habitat loss from human encroachment, human-bear conflict, pollution, and climate change. While the bear is protected in North America, reintroducing it into its previous range is a slow process, partly because the grizzly has such a slow life cycle. Even so, the grizzly was delisted from the Endangered Species Act in June 2017. As an example of the species recovery, the grizzly population in Yellowstone National Park has risen from 136 bears in 1975 to about 700 bears in 2017. Sources Herrero, Stephen (2002). Bear Attacks: Their Causes and Avoidance. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-58574-557-9.Mattson, J.; Merrill, Troy (2001). Extirpations of Grizzly Bears in the Contiguous United States, 1850–2000. Conservation Biology. 16 (4): 1123–1136. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00414.xMcLellan, B.N.; Proctor, M.F.; Huber, D. Michel, S. (2017). Ursus arctos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2017: e.T41688A121229971. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.enMiller, Craig R.; Waits, Lisette P.; Joyce, Paul (2006). Phylogeography and mitochondrial diversity of extirpated brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the contiguous United States and Mexico. Molecular Ecology, 15 (14): 4477–4485. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03097.xWhitaker, John O. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals. Chanticleer Press, New York. ISBN 0-394-50762-2.

Learning How and When to Say No

Learning How and When to Say No Learning to say no to people is one of the best things you can do for yourself, yet many people find it extremely difficult. Why? Because they want to be liked. The ironic thing is, people will like you better and respect you more if you say no when its appropriate! Why Say No 1. People will respect you. People who say yes to everything in an attempt to be liked are quickly recognized as pushovers. When you say no to someone you are letting them know that you have boundaries. You are showing that you respect yourselfand that is how you gain respect from others. 2. People will actually see you as more dependable. When you say yes only when you have the time and true ability to do a great job, then youll gain a reputation for being dependable. If you say yes to everything, youre bound to do a bad job at everything. 3. When youre selective with your tasks, youll sharpen your natural strengths. If you concentrate on the things youre good at, youll be able to improve on your natural talents. For example, if youre a great writer but youre not so great as an artist, you may volunteer to write speeches but you shouldnt sign up to make the posters for your club. Concentrate on your strength and build your skills (and your experience) for college. 4. Your life will be less stressful. You may be tempted to say yes to people in order to please them. In the long run, youre only hurting yourself and others when you do this. You stress yourself out by overloading yourself, and you experience increased stress when you realize youre bound to let them down. When to Say No First lets point out the obvious: Do your homework. You should never say no to a teacher, friend, or family member who is merely asking you to live up to your responsibilities. Its not okay to say no to a class assignment, just because you dont feel like doing it for some reason. This is not an exercise in cockiness. It is OK to say no when somebody is asking you to step outside your true responsibilities and outside your comfort zone to take on a task that is dangerous or one that will overload you and affect your academic work and your reputation. For example: If a teacher suggests that you become the president of a club that he or she is advising, but your schedule is already over-packed.If a popular athlete asks you to help with his/her homework and you dont have time.If anybody asks you to do their homework for them.If anybody asks you to give them information that was on a test (if they have a later class with the same teacher). It can be very difficult to say no to somebody whom you really respect, but youll find that you actually gain respect from them when you show enough courage to say no. How to Say No We say yes to people because its easy. Learning to say no is like learning anything: it seems really scary at first, but its so rewarding when you get the hang of it! The trick to saying no is doing it firmly without sounding rude. You must avoid being wishy-washy. Here are some lines you can practice: If a teacher asks you to take on more responsibility than you need: Thank you for thinking of me, but I will have to say no. Im just over-scheduled at this time.If a teacher asks you to do something you dont feel comfortable with: This sounds like it would be a great opportunity for somebody, but its not right for me.If somebody wants you to cheat: Sorry, I dont share my homework. That would get us both in trouble.If somebody tries to push work off on you: I just dont have the time to do a good job at that right now.If somebody tries to overload you with a task: I cant do that because I have an assignment due tomorrow.If somebody tries to unload a problem on you: I understand your situation, but I dont have an answer for you. When You Have to Say Yes There will be times when you want to say no but you can’t. If youre working on a group project, you have to take on some of the work, but you dont want to volunteer for everything. When you have to say yes, you can do it with firm conditions. A conditional yes may be necessary if you know you should do something but you also know you dont have all the time or resources. An example of a conditional yes is: Yes, Ill make the posters for the club, but I wont pay for all the supplies. Saying no is all about gaining respect. Gain respect for yourself by saying no when its necessary. Gain the respect of others by saying no in a polite way.

Keeping Animals in Captivity is Inherently Wrong Essay - 50

Keeping Animals in Captivity is Inherently Wrong - Essay Example Keeping animals in captivity is not only ethically wrong and cruel but also proves challenging to mimic the exact elements as in the animals’ natural environments.Keeping animals in captivity is unethical because people abuse and exploit them (Bostock 127). Most people who keep animals in captivity use them in many wrong purposes. Scientists and researchers may want to carry out genetic, behavioral, and many other researches. They may also wish to test medicinal or other products. They use the animals they have kept captive to carry out the studies or observe any reaction of test products to the animal. They occasionally do this by forcing samples of substances and products to the animal’s body for instance through injections, feeding, and rubbing. In many cases, the animals end up developing complications from the test samples and even die. The entertainment industry is another area where animals receive many kinds of mistreatment. Animals get tired and disturbed by th e many activities and performances they have to do. As people come to view the animals and their activities, they may disturb their peace. For instance, the men’s children may make noises, give them unsolicited foodstuffs, throw destructive objects at them, and force them to play or perform. The animals thus find it hard to eat, take some rest, or do other biologically important activities in the presence of tourists. The use of animals in exotic pet trade is also another unethical issue. The animals mostly end up having discomforts;Â  pain/tiredness due to changing ownership and the environment, unsuitable handling during the trading, and long distance traveling. Production of fur, blood, milk and other products cannot be left behind since it causes discomfort and pain in the wild animals. The animals may end up developing cold, becoming weak, and unable to feed their young ones.

SABMiller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SABMiller - Essay Example While the company itself is in those who consume its products do not know many instances, its brands are quite popular among the consumers. In many of the African nations, in which it has businesses, the brands under SABMiller are often the most popular. SABMiller is a company that has throughout its history, displayed a high capacity for being able to manage and develop its brands to a high quality level that many of its rivals have rarely been able to match. This skilful management of its brands in different countries has enabled the company to become highly successful, as those who work for it receive a high level of training to ensure that the quality of its products is retained. The wide range of products that this company produces means that it has to hire and maintain a large workforce in order to be able to function effectively. Unlike other companies, SABMiller has since its founding, been extremely careful with the management of its staff, not only because of the need to ma ke profit continuously, but also to further the good reputation that the company has always had. Because of the skill that SABMiller has been able to display in the production of its products in diverse countries, it has been able to achieve success on the international scene where other companies take years to achieve the same. One would claim that SABMiller’s success is based not only on the quality of the company’s products, but also on the strategies that it has been able to implement to make its operations successful. This company was founded as South African Breweries towards the end of the 19th century in South Africa, and for many years afterwards, the functions of this company were restricted to Southern Africa. This is because of the fact that this company had established an overriding position in the southern African market. However, in 1990 this company decided to venture into the European market, and in 1999, it managed to get listed in the London Stock Ex change, with the intention of raising enough capital to make acquisitions. It is in 2002 that the company was able to acquire Miller Brewing Company in North America, and with this acquisition, the company chose to change its name to SABMiller (Hobday, 2002). A series of hostile takeovers in Latin America and Europe saw the swift growth of the company, and this eventually brought it to its status as the second largest brewer in the world (Bruss 2002, p.10). The company’s innovation has ensured that it has remained at the top of the world’s brewing industry and an example that can be given of this innovation, is the recent introduction of Impala Cervejas, the first cassava beer that has been produced for commercial purposes in Africa (Appropriate Technology 2012, p.23). This company has about 70000 employees all over the world and its operations have, according to its 2012 records, it managed to bring in revenue of just over 21 billion dollars (Buck 2012, p.49). In Afri ca, the activities of SABMiller are conducted in 15 countries, all of which are in the Sub-Saharan region. This company has been dominant in the region for many years and because of this, its brands are well known by the people. The large customer base of SABMiller’s products has ensured that the company has been successful in the region and has creates a loyal market for its products (Peaple, 2012). A further 21 countries in Africa are enclosed all the way through a strategic alliance with the Castel group which has ensured that SABMiller has become the largest brewer in Africa, by market share, a feat that has not been achieved by any other brewing company on the continent. In addition to the brewing activities of SABMiller in Africa, it is under license from Coca-Cola to bottle soft drinks on behalf of the latter